# 英语高级 · 第 11 周 Day 3|条件句换有条件让步 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 高级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 谈判里最贵的一句话是「我们可以让一点」。它给了东西,什么也没换回来,对方只会记住你还能再让。今天解决的就是这个表达问题:用四个条件结构把每一次让步都变成交换,条件在前是报价,条件在后是补充,两种顺序对方听到的是两件不同的事。这是本周从「会写」走到「会谈」的转折点,也是周五提案里那句降级方案、周日十五分钟谈判里每一次「如果……那么……」的语法来源。八十分钟,二十句,每句都要有条件的半边和对价的半边。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 拆四个结构 | 15 min | If we were to…/provided that…/unless…/on the understanding that… 各写两个原型句,用不同颜色标出「条件半」与「对价半」 | 8 个原型句 + 双色标注 | | 2. 列筹码两栏 | 10 min | 左栏「我方可以给的」≥6 项(价格、账期、排期、培训、独家、付款节奏),右栏「我方想要的」≥6 项(期限、量、预付款、案例授权、续约优先) | 筹码两栏表 | | 3. 改写十句 | 20 min | 把十句无条件让步改写成有条件交换,逐句写出「改前/改后/补上了什么」 | 10 组改写 + 说明 | | 4. 造句二十句 | 25 min | 四个结构各不少于 4 句,每句两半齐全;至少 6 句带数字 | 20 句 | | 5. 归档朗读 | 10 min | 按锚定/让步/替代三类归档,出声读一遍,删掉重复的 if | 分类表 + 朗读录音 1 分钟 | 筹码两栏要在造句之前写,不要边写边想。谈判的条件句之所以生硬,多半是因为写的时候才发现自己没有筹码,只能硬凑一个「如果你们同意」。先有可交换的东西,句子自然成立。 ## 二、核心词汇与搭配 | 词/短语 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句(含译) | 语域 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | concession | /kənˈseʃn/(≈克恩塞希恩) | n. | 让步 | make a concession; a minor concession | Every concession should name what it buys. 每一次让步都该说清它换来了什么。 | 商务 | | reciprocal | /rɪˈsɪprəkl/(≈里西普若克尔) | adj. | 对等的,相互的 | a reciprocal arrangement; reciprocal access | We are looking for a reciprocal arrangement, not a one-way discount. 我们要的是对等安排,不是单向折扣。 | 商务/学术 | | contingent | /kənˈtɪndʒənt/(≈克恩提恩哲恩特) | adj. | 视……而定的 | contingent on approval; contingent liability | The discount is contingent on a two-year commitment. 折扣以两年承诺为条件。 | 商务/学术 | | provisional | /prəˈvɪʒənl/(≈普若维若恩尔) | adj. | 暂定的 | a provisional figure; provisional agreement | These are provisional numbers; they firm up after the pilot. 这些是暂定数字,试点后才会固定。 | 商务 | | caveat | /ˈkæviæt/(≈凯维艾特) | n. | 附加条件,保留意见 | with one caveat; add a caveat | We can accept the terms, with one caveat on payment timing. 条款可以接受,付款时间上有一点保留。 | 学术/商务 | | undertaking | /ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ/(≈阿恩德泰基英) | n. | 承诺,保证 | a written undertaking; give an undertaking | We would need a written undertaking before we release the data. 交出数据前,我们需要一份书面承诺。 | 商务/法律 | | leeway | /ˈliːweɪ/(≈利韦·长) | n. | 回旋余地 | some leeway on price; allow leeway | There is a little leeway on price, but none on the delivery date. 价格上有一点余地,交付日期没有。 | 商务 | | stipulate | /ˈstɪpjuleɪt/ | v. | 明确规定 | stipulate that; as stipulated | The contract stipulates that payment falls due in 30 days. 合同规定付款三十天内到期。 | 法律/商务 | | fallback | /ˈfɔːlbæk/(≈福尔拜克·长) | n. | 备用方案 | a fallback position; fallback option | Our fallback is to extend the current contract by six months. 我们的备用方案是把现有合同延长六个月。 | 商务 | | walk-away | /ˈwɔːk əweɪ/ | n./adj. | 退出底线;可放弃的 | walk-away position; a walk-away price | Know your walk-away price before the first meeting. 第一次会面前就要知道自己的退出价。 | 商务 | 这十个词服务同一件事:把「让」变成「换」。concession 是名词,谈判里数它比数形容词有用;reciprocal 和 contingent 是形容「这笔交易的性质」的,前者说对等,后者说附带条件;provisional、caveat、undertaking 是三个不同强度的保留,从「暂定」到「书面承诺」,语气依次加重。stipulate 只用于合同与规则,日常对话里说 require 就够;leeway 和 fallback 是给自己留后路的词,说出口时通常配 some、a little、no。 搭配上注意两点:concession 的动词是 make 或 extract,不是 give;contingent 后面固定跟 on,且宾语通常是审批、签字、付款这类事件,不跟人。 ## 三、语言点:条件从句的位置与对价强度 **规则** 1. **If we were to + 动词原形,是把提议推到离现实一步远的位置。** 它表达「假设我们这样做」,好处是对方拒绝时拒绝的是一个假设,不是你的脸。不能用于已经确定的事实:不能说 If we were to have signed last week,那已经不是假设,是事实。 2. **provided that 与 on condition that 是明码标价,语气硬于 if。** 用它们的时候,你是在说「这条不是商量,是前提」。适合写在合同与纪要里,用在第一次见面会显得咄咄逼人。 3. **on the understanding that 是「以……为共识」,不是「如果」。** 它用于双方已经默许、需要落成文字的默契;单方面提出新要求时用它,会让对方觉得你替他做了决定。 4. **unless 等于 if not,只能带一个否定条件。** 一旦句中出现 unless 加否定(unless we don't…),逻辑反转,对方会理解成相反的意思。unless 的位置也影响语气:前置是警告,后置是补充说明。 5. **交换必须两半齐全,且两半都有主语与动作。** If we were to X, could you Y? ——只有 X 没有 Y,就是无条件让步,只是穿了一件条件句的外衣。 **强弱对比** | 说法 | 对方听到的 | 问题 | | --- | --- | --- | | We can offer a 5% discount. | 他还能再让 | 无条件,且没有对价 | | If we were to move to 5%, would you be able to commit to 24 months? | 5% 换 24 个月,可以谈 | 两半齐全,用问句收尾,留了拒绝的余地 | | We could move to 5%, provided that the term goes to 24 months. | 条件已经定了,只剩接受与否 | 更硬,适合对方已经在压价时 | | 说法 | 差别 | | --- | --- | | Unless you sign by Friday, we cannot hold the price. | 警告,把后果放在前面,关系成本高 | | We can hold the price on the understanding that you sign by Friday. | 同样的内容,先给好处再说共识,关系成本低 | | 说法 | 差别 | | --- | --- | | If we reduce scope, the price falls. | 陈述因果,不构成报价 | | If we were to reduce scope, we could hold the price. | 假设+对价,是报价,对方必须回应 | **常见误用** 1. **unless 后面再加否定。** Unless we don't receive payment 说的是「除非我们收不到钱」,与原意相反。改成 Unless we receive payment by Friday, the order slips to March. 2. **provided that 后面用 will。** 条件从句用一般现在时表将来:provided that you sign by Friday,不是 provided that you will sign。这一点在书面提案里错得最多,因为写的人想强调「未来」。 3. **把 on the understanding that 当万能条件。** 它对已经存在的默契有效;如果对方从未同意过这个前提,用它等于替对方表态,谈判中极易被顶回来。这时要退回 provided that,或者干脆用问句。 4. **条件堆叠。** 一句话里三个 if,对方只会记住最后一个。一个交换只配一个条件,多个条件拆成多句。 **什么时候用、什么时候不能用** 四个结构都属正式语域,适合书面提案、合同往来、有记录的谈判。不适合三种场合:内部快速沟通(用 if 就够,provided that 会显得生分)、与长期伙伴的日常协商(on the understanding that 用多了像在留证据)、以及对方明显处于劣势时(连用两个 provided that 会被读成羞辱)。用了会显得怎样,取决于对价是否对等:对等时显得专业,不对等时显得精明过头。 ## 四、句型与范例 | 句式 | 结构 | 中文 | | --- | --- | --- | | If we were to bring the start date forward to March, would you be able to release the deposit earlier? | If we were to…, would you…? | 若我们把启动提前到三月,你们能否提前放定金? | | If we were to take on the training, we would need two more weeks before go-live. | If we were to…, we would need… | 若我们接下培训,上线前需要多两周 | | We could hold the unit price, provided that the volume stays above 20,000. | provided that | 单价可以不动,前提是量维持在两万以上 | | We can extend payment to 60 days, on condition that the first instalment clears in January. | on condition that | 账期可延到六十天,条件是首期一月到账 | | We can keep the current fee on the understanding that the scope does not change. | on the understanding that | 费用可以不变,前提是范围不变(双方已有共识时用) | | Unless we receive the signed order by 30 November, the price reverts to list. | unless 前置,警告 | 若十一月三十日前未收到签字订单,价格回到标价 | | We cannot hold the slot unless the deposit is confirmed this week. | unless 后置,补充 | 本周定金未确认,我们无法保留档期 | | In return for a three-year term, we would absorb the migration cost. | 前置对价 | 作为三年期限的交换,我们承担迁移成本 | | Rather than discounting, we could add a second site at no extra fee. | 替代方案,不给价格 | 与其降价,我们不如免费增加第二个站点 | | That works for us, provided the review clause comes out. | 接受+一个条件 | 我们可以接受,前提是删掉复审条款 | **范例:一段 120 词的条件式回复(含三种结构)** > Thank you for the revised terms. We can work with the 60-day payment window, provided that the first instalment clears in January rather than March. If we were to take on the migration as well, we would need two additional weeks before go-live, which would push the launch to 14 April. We could absorb that cost ourselves on the understanding that the term extends to 30 months. Unless the review clause is removed, however, we cannot commit to a fixed price beyond year one. If none of this fits, our fallback is to run the pilot only and revisit the full rollout in Q3. 批注四条:第一句先接受一个具体条款,再给条件,对方读到的是合作姿态而不是防线。第二句用 If we were to 把新增工作量变成假设,拒绝的是工作量而不是人。第三句 on the understanding that 是唯一一处「以共识为前提」,因为期限延长双方此前已经口头提过。第四句用 Unless 前置,语气最硬,因此放在段末,且后面只跟一个后果。最后一句给 fallback,让整段不至于以威胁收尾。 ## 五、练习 **A 词汇与搭配(7 题)** 1. 填动词:______ a concession;______ an undertaking;______ leeway。 2. 选词(contingent / provisional):The figure is ______ on approval, and still ______ until the pilot closes. 3. 改搭配:We gave a concession on price. 4. 中译英:价格上有一点余地,交付日期没有。 5. 词形:stipulate 的名词;reciprocal 的名词。 6. 改错:The contract stipulates us to pay in 30 days. 7. 语域:把 We might be able to move a bit. 改成带条件的商务句。 **B 句法(6 题)** 1. 加对价:We can offer a 5% discount. 改成 If we were to…, would you…? 2. 换结构:把 1 题的句子改成 provided that 版本,说明语气的差别。 3. 改错:Unless we don't get the deposit, we cannot hold the slot. 4. 改错:We can start in March, provided that the contract will be signed by February. 5. 合并:两句并一句,用 in return for——We will absorb the migration cost. You commit to three years. 6. 降硬:把 We cannot accept the review clause. 改成带 fallback 的说法。 **C 输出(2 题)** 1. 20 句:四个结构各不少于 4 句,每句含条件与交换两半,至少 6 句带数字;每句后面用括号标出「我方给什么/我方要什么」。 2. 口头 2 分钟:把这 20 句里最强的 8 句连成一段谈判开场,录音;回听时数一数有几句话只有条件、没有对价。 ## 六、参考答案 **A** 1. make;give;allow(allow leeway 或 leave leeway 均可)。 2. contingent;provisional。 3. We made a concession on price.(concession 与 make 搭配;give 在口语里能听懂,但书面不地道) 4. There is a little leeway on price, but none on the delivery date. 5. stipulation;reciprocity。 6. The contract stipulates that payment falls due in 30 days.(stipulate 不接「人+to do」,只接 that 从句或名词) 7. We might be able to move to 5%, provided the term goes beyond 24 months. **B** 1. If we were to move to 5%, would you be able to commit to 24 months? 2. We could move to 5%, provided that the term goes to 24 months. 差别:问句把决定权留给对方,provided that 把条件定死,只剩接受或拒绝;前者适合试探,后者适合对方已在压价。 3. Unless we receive the deposit, we cannot hold the slot.(去掉 don't,unless 本身已含否定) 4. We can start in March, provided that the contract is signed by February.(条件从句用现在时表将来) 5. In return for a three-year commitment, we would absorb the migration cost. 6. We cannot accept the review clause as drafted; our fallback is a one-off review at twelve months. **C 评分维度** | 维度 | 合格线 | | --- | --- | | 结构覆盖 | 四个结构各 ≥4 句,无一句重复同一模板 | | 两半齐全 | 20 句全部同时具备「我方给」与「我方要」 | | 数字 | ≥6 句带具体数字(比例、期限、金额) | | 时态 | 假设句用 were to,条件从句不用 will | | 语域 | 全部为商务书面语,无 gonna、a bit 这类口语 | 每出现一句「只有条件没有对价」,扣 4 分;unless 双重否定、provided that 后接 will,各扣 5 分。 ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 检查项 | 合格线 | 我的记录 | | --- | --- | --- | | 句数 | 20 句,四结构各 ≥4 | | | 对价 | 每句括号里两个空都填满 | | | 数字 | ≥6 句含数字 | | | 梯度 | 能说出哪三句最硬、哪三句最软,及理由 | | | 朗读 | 1 分钟录音,无重复 if | | 产出文件名:Day03_条件交换20句.md。写完做一次冷读:遮住括号,只看英文,判断这句是「报价」还是「陈述」。若读不出对价,说明条件半写得太抽象,回去把它换成可数的东西——周数、点数、月数。 ## 八、明日预告 Day 4 转到耳朵,85 分钟:听十五分钟谈判课程或播客,抓十个软化与锚定句式,跟读一分钟录音。今天写的条件句明天会以更软的形式出现——同一个交换,加上 I'm afraid 或 I wonder whether,攻击性立刻下降。你要练的是分辨:哪一句只是说得客气,哪一句是真的给了东西。