# 英语初级 · 第 11 周 Day 3｜工作经历八句

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**今天学什么**

昨天练的是问答，答案通常只有一句。今天把答案撑开，变成能站住的工作经历：做过什么职位、学到什么、负责什么、哪块还缺。四个句型分别对应这四件事，每个句型后面接的东西不一样，接错了句子就散。今天写 8 句自己的真实情况，没有的就用否定式，不编。这 8 句是 Day 7 三分钟自述的中间段。

## 一、今日任务

| 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. 四框拆解 | 10 min | 读第三节，把 as / how to / responsible for / experience in 后面各接什么写在纸上 | 1 张四框卡片 |
| 2. 岗位句 | 8 min | 用 I've worked as a... 写 2 句，各带 for 或 since | 2 句岗位 |
| 3. 能力句 | 10 min | 用 I've learned how to... 和 I've been responsible for... 各写 2 句 | 4 句能力 |
| 4. 缺口句 | 7 min | 用 I haven't had much experience in... 写 2 句，写真实短板 | 2 句缺口 |
| 5. 录音 | 10 min | 8 句按"岗位—能力—缺口"顺序读 2 遍，录 1 遍，50—70 秒 | 8 句经历录音 |

四个句型不要平均用力。岗位句和能力句是加分项，缺口句是可信度，三者比例按 2、4、2 分配。写缺口句时容易卡住，因为大家都想显得什么都会，但面试里一句诚实的 I haven't had much experience in management 往往比硬撑更加分。第 3 环节写能力句之前，先在纸上列三件你实际做过的事，哪怕是"帮同事整理过表格""带过两个新人"，再往句型里装。

## 二、核心词汇

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| responsible | /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/（≈里斯波恩瑟布尔） | adj. | 负责的 | be responsible for | I have been responsible for customer orders. 我一直负责客户订单。 |
| handle | /ˈhændl/（≈汉德尔） | v. | 处理 | handle complaints | I have learned how to handle complaints. 我学会了怎么处理投诉。 |
| organize | /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/（≈奥厄奈兹） | v. | 组织 | organize meetings | She has organized weekly meetings. 她组织过每周例会。 |
| improve | /ɪmˈpruːv/（≈伊姆普鲁夫） | v. | 改进 | improve a process | We have improved the process. 我们改进了流程。 |
| assist | /əˈsɪst/（≈厄西斯特） | v. | 协助 | assist customers | I have assisted customers in the shop. 我在店里协助过顾客。 |
| training | /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/（≈特雷尼英·短） | n. | 培训 | run a training | I have run a training for new staff. 我给新员工做过培训。 |
| deadline | /ˈdedlaɪn/（≈戴德莱恩） | n. | 截止日期 | meet a deadline | I have always met my deadlines. 我一直按时完成任务。 |
| task | /tɑːsk/（≈塔斯克·长） | n. | 任务 | finish a task | I have finished every task on time. 我每项任务都按时完成。 |

responsible 是今天最重要的形容词，重音在第二音节，结尾是 /bl/，不要读成"瑞斯胖西波"。handle 的 h 要送气，结尾的 /dl/ 轻轻带过。organize 的重音在第一音节，美式读 /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/，英式读 /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/，选一个跟到底。training 是名词，run a training 是"做一场培训"，不要说 do a training。deadline 是复合词，重音在 dead 上，line 轻读。

## 三、发音/语法点

**四个经历句型的后续成分**

这四个句型都挂在现在完成时上，前半截一样，后半截各有各的规矩。记句型不要只记开头，要记"后面接什么"，否则说出来的是半句中文加半句英文。

规则：

1. work as 后面接职位，职位是可数名词，单数前必须加 a 或 an：I have worked as a sales assistant. / She has worked as an engineer. as 后面是身份，不是公司，也不是地点；公司用 for，地点用 in。
2. learn how to 后面接动词原形：I have learned how to use this system. how to 后面不能加 -ing，也不能再接一个主语。这个句型还可以换成 learn to + 动词原形，意思接近，但 how to 更强调"方法"。
3. be responsible for 后面接名词或 -ing：I have been responsible for customer orders. / I have been responsible for training new staff. 这里的 be 要用过去分词 been，因为前面已经有 have；写成 I have be responsible 是漏了变形。
4. have experience in 后面接名词或 -ing：I have experience in customer service. 否定式是 I haven't had much experience in...，had 是 have 的过去分词，不能写成 haven't have。much 用在否定和疑问里，肯定句用 a lot of。
5. 这四个句型常和 for、since 同现，位置放句末：I have worked as a driver for three years. / I have been responsible for the team since 2022. 先保证句型完整，再加时间短语，顺序不要颠倒。

| 错误 | 正确 | 问题在哪 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| I have worked as sales assistant. | I have worked as a sales assistant. | 职位是可数名词，单数前要加 a |
| I have learned how to using Excel. | I have learned how to use Excel. | how to 后面必须接动词原形 |
| I have been responsible of the team. | I have been responsible for the team. | responsible 的固定搭配是 for，不是 of |

常见错误：

- 把 as 后面填成公司或地点，写出 I have worked as a small company。as 只接身份，公司用 for，地点用 in，三个介词各管一件事。
- be responsible 漏掉 been，写成 I have be responsible。只要前面有 have 或 has，be 就必须变成 been。
- 否定经历时用 don't have experience，写成 I don't have much experience in teaching。谈"到现在为止没有积累"用 haven't had，一般现在时的 don't have 说的是"现在没有"，两者时间感不同。

## 四、句型/对话

1. I have worked as a sales assistant for two years. 我做过两年销售助理。
2. I have worked as a team leader since 2022. 我从 2022 年起担任团队负责人。
3. I have learned how to use this system. 我学会了怎么用这个系统。
4. I have learned how to handle difficult customers. 我学会了怎么应对难缠的顾客。
5. I have been responsible for customer orders. 我一直负责客户订单。
6. I have been responsible for training new staff since last year. 从去年起我负责培训新员工。
7. I haven't had much experience in management. 我在管理方面经验不多。
8. I haven't had much experience in working abroad. 我没有什么在国外工作的经验。

第 7、8 句是"缺口句"，说的时候语气要稳，不要越说越小。缺口句后面最好跟一句补位：但我愿意学，或者我已经在学。例如 I haven't had much experience in management, but I have managed small projects. 这样一句话既诚实又没把自己堵死，明天写面试答句时可以直接用。

把 1、3、5、7 四句连起来读，就是一段有起伏的经历：先说职位，再说技能，再说职责，最后说缺口。四句之间加 and 或 but 会更顺：I have worked as a sales assistant for two years, and I have learned how to handle difficult customers. I have been responsible for customer orders, but I haven't had much experience in management. 读的时候注意 but 前面停一下，转折才听得出来。

## 五、练习

**A. 词汇（6 题）**

1. 中译英：负责的 ________；处理 ________；截止日期 ________
2. 中译英：组织 ________；改进 ________；培训 ________
3. 填搭配：be responsible ________；learn how ________
4. 用 handle 造句：我学会了怎么处理投诉。
5. 用 deadline 造句：我一直按时完成任务。
6. 写出 assist 的音标，并造一句"我在店里协助过顾客"。

**B. 语法（5 题）**

1. 填空：I have worked ________ a nurse for five years.
2. 填空：She has learned how ________ drive.
3. 填空：I have been responsible ________ the weekly report.
4. 改错：I have learned how to using this system.
5. 改错：I haven't have much experience in teaching.

**C. 听说/写作（2 题）**

1. 写 8 句自己的经历：2 句岗位、2 句 learn how to、2 句 responsible for、2 句否定缺口。
2. 录 50—70 秒，按"岗位—能力—缺口"顺序读；再不看稿说其中 4 句。

B 组第 4、5 题是今天最容易错的两种：一个是 how to 后面多加了 -ing，一个是 haven't 后面忘了 had。改完把正确句读三遍，让嘴巴记住，不要只在纸上改。C 组写 8 句时，先写肯定句再写否定句，顺序反过来容易越写越丧。每句控制在 8 到 14 个词，超过 14 个词就拆成两句。录音前先把 8 句按顺序排好，岗位两句、能力四句、缺口两句，中间不要跳来跳去。

## 六、参考答案

**A**

1. responsible；handle；deadline
2. organize；improve；training
3. for；to
4. I have learned how to handle complaints.
5. I have always met my deadlines.
6. /əˈsɪst/；I have assisted customers in the shop.

**B**

1. as（身份）
2. to（how to 后接动词原形 drive）
3. for（responsible for 固定搭配）
4. I have learned how to use this system.（how to 后接原形）
5. I haven't had much experience in teaching.（have 的过去分词是 had）

**C**

1. 参考：I have worked as a shop assistant for two years. I have worked as a cashier since 2021. I have learned how to use the booking system. I have learned how to deal with complaints. I have been responsible for the daily orders. I have been responsible for training two new staff. I haven't had much experience in management. I haven't had much experience in working with foreign customers.
2. 只说四句时，建议保留一句岗位、两句能力、一句缺口，四句就能听出层次。

B 组第 1 题填 as，如果你填了 for，说明把"身份"和"雇主"混了，回第三节看第一条。第 2 题 how to 后面是 drive，不加 -ing，也不加 will。第 3 题 responsible for 是固定搭配，没有 responsible of。第 5 题 haven't 后面必须接过去分词 had，这是现在完成时的完成部分，不能省。C 组的参考答案只是骨架，你的职位、系统名、带过的人数都可以换，但四个句型的后半截不能换，一换就跑到别的语法点去了。

## 七、今日输出与自查

| 自查项 | 过关线 | 怎么查 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 句型完整 | 8 句都能说出属于四个框中的哪一个 | 在句首标 1—4，看有没有混框 |
| 后续成分 | as + 职位、how to + 原形、for + 名词、in + 名词 | 逐句看介词后面第一个词 |
| 真实性 | 至少 2 句是否定式，且符合实际情况 | 对着自己的经历核一遍 |
| 时长 | 每句 8—14 个词 | 数字数，超长的拆句 |
| 录音 | 50—70 秒，8 句不丢 | 计时并对照稿子 |

产出文件：本文档 Day03_工作经历八句.md；录音存为 Day03_经历八句_日期，时长 50—70 秒。8 句里允许 1 处小错，但 as 后面漏冠词、responsible 后面用 of 这两类错必须改掉。回听时重点听缺口句，如果那两句声音明显变小，重录一遍，把语气放平。经历句不需要说得漂亮，需要说得住。

## 八、明日预告

Day 4 进面试六问：Tell me about yourself. / Why do you want this job? / What are your strengths? / What are your weaknesses? / Where do you see yourself in three years? / Do you have any questions? 每题写 2 到 3 句答句。今天这 8 句会被拆开，塞进不同的答案里，所以今天写完先别丢，明天直接调用。

今天的 8 句写完后，用中文再复述一遍，看和你真实情况对不对得上。如果某句英文写得很顺，但中文意思你自己都不认，那句就要改，面试时被追问一句就会露。真实经历哪怕平淡，也能经得住追问；编出来的经历，第二个问题就会卡住。这一点比语法重要，今天先把真实这一关过了。