# 英语初级 · 第 3 周 Day 4|否定与一般疑问 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 初级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 前三天说的全是肯定句,一遇到"我不……""你……吗"就容易卡住,或者用 no + 单词硬凑。今天只学一件事:一般现在时的否定和疑问。核心是记住 do / does 是"帮忙的词",它一出现,后面的动词就回到原形。今天写 5 组否定、5 组问答,明天加上疑问词就能连问连答。 今天的目标是 10 组问答能接上。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 听规则 | 10 min | 读第三节 5 条规则,把肯定句 I work / She works 各改成否定和疑问 | 4 句变形 | | 2. 否定改写 | 10 min | 用前两天的家庭、工作句改 5 个否定句 | 5 句否定 | | 3. 写问答 | 12 min | 写 5 组 Do/Does 问答,答句先用完整句,再用简短回答 | 5 组问答 | | 4. 录音 | 13 min | 先读 2 遍,再录 10 组(5 否定 + 5 问答),约 60 秒 | 10 组录音 | ## 二、核心词汇 | 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | work | /wɜːk/(≈韦克·长) | v. | 工作 | work on Sundays | I don't work on Sundays. 我周日不上班。 | | live | /lɪv/(≈利夫·短) | v. | 居住 | live here | She doesn't live here. 她不住这儿。 | | like | /laɪk/(≈莱克) | v. | 喜欢 | like my job | Do you like your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗? | | study | /ˈstʌdi/(≈斯塔迪·短) | v. | 学习 | study English | He doesn't study English. 他不学英语。 | | teach | /tiːtʃ/(≈提奇·长) | v. | 教 | teach children | Does she teach children? 她教小孩吗? | | start | /stɑːt/(≈斯塔特·长) | v. | 开始 | start work at eight | I don't start work at eight. 我不是八点上班。 | | finish | /ˈfɪnɪʃ/(≈菲尼希) | v. | 结束 | finish work at six | He doesn't finish work at six. 他不是六点下班。 | | rest | /rest/(≈雷斯特) | v. | 休息 | rest at home | Do you rest at home on Sunday? 你周日在家休息吗? | ## 三、发音/语法点 **一般现在时的否定与疑问:do / does** 规则: 1. 主语是 I / you / we / they:否定用 don't + 动词原形;疑问用 Do + 主语 + 动词原形? 2. 主语是 he / she / it:否定用 doesn't + 动词原形;疑问用 Does + 主语 + 动词原形? 3. does / doesn't 后面的动词永远还原,不再加 -s:❌ She doesn't works. ✅ She doesn't work. 4. 三单的 -s 只出现在肯定句:She works. 一变成否定或疑问,-s 就"交给" does,动词回到原形。 5. 简短回答固定:Yes, I do. / No, I don't. / Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 不要说 Yes, I work. 正误对比: | 错误 | 正确 | 问题在哪 | | --- | --- | --- | | She doesn't works here. | She doesn't work here. | doesn't 后面动词必须还原 | | Do she live in Beijing? | Does she live in Beijing? | 主语是 she,助动词用 does | | I not work on Sundays. | I don't work on Sundays. | 否定必须借 don't,不能只在动词前加 not | | Yes, I work. | Yes, I do. | 简短回答用助动词,不重复实义动词 | 常见错误: - 双重 -s:doesn't works、Does she works 是最常见的错,写完先找 does,再把后面动词的 s 去掉。 - 用 no + 单词硬凑:I no work、She no live 都不是英语,要改成 don't / doesn't。 - do 和 does 选错:只看主语,不看句子里有什么词。he / she / it 用 does,其余用 do。 ## 四、句型/对话 1. I don't work on Sundays. 我周日不上班。 2. She doesn't live here. 她不住这儿。 3. He doesn't like coffee. 他不喜欢咖啡。 4. Do you work in an office? 你在办公室工作吗? 5. Does she have a car? 她有车吗? 6. Do you live with your parents? 你和父母一起住吗? 7. Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的,我……/不,我不…… 8. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 是的,她……/不,她不…… 问答示范(可整段背): — Do you work on Saturdays? — No, I don't. I work from Monday to Friday. — Does your sister live with you? — No, she doesn't. She lives in Shanghai. 把 8 个句型读成一段双人对话,注意问句升调、答句降调:— Do you work on Sundays? 你周日上班吗?— No, I don't. I rest on Sundays. 不,我周日休息。— Does your wife work too? 你妻子也上班吗?— Yes, she does. She works in a shop. 是的,她在商店工作。— Does she start work at nine? 她九点上班吗?— No, she doesn't. She starts at eight. 不,她八点上班。— Do you have lunch together? 你们一起吃午饭吗?— No, we don't. We work in different places. 不,我们在不同地方上班。 ## 五、练习 **A. 词汇(6 题)** 1. 中译英:休息 ________;结束 ________ 2. 填词:He ________ English every day.(学习) 3. 填词:She ________ children at a school.(教) 4. 用 like 造句:我不喜欢咖啡。 5. 用 start 造句:他八点开始上班。 6. 写出 finish 的反义词(本课词汇范围内):________ **B. 语法(5 题)** 1. 改否定:She works in a hospital. 2. 改否定:I live in Beijing. 3. 改疑问:He likes his job. 4. 改疑问:They work in a factory. 5. 改错:She doesn't works on Sundays. **C. 听说/写作(2 题)** 1. 写 5 个否定句(至少 3 句用 doesn't),再写 5 组 Do/Does 问答。 2. 录 10 组,约 60 秒;回听数一数 does/doesn't 后面还有没有多余的 -s。 练习顺序:先做 A 组 8 个动词的原形与三单配对,再做 B 组改写,最后写 C 组 10 组。A 组 study→studies、teach→teaches、finish→finishes 三处最容易错,先读顺再写。B 组每题改完,用中文说出为什么用 don't 或 doesn't,说不清就回第三节。C 组先写否定,再写问答;否定句短,问答句长,节奏正好。做完对着答案只标错号,不抄正确答案,第二天再做一遍错题。全部做完约 25 分钟,录音 20 分钟,正好 45 分钟。 改否定句时,先找动词,再决定请 don't 还是 doesn't。句子里有 be 动词就不需要 do:He is a driver. 的否定是 He isn't a driver.,不是 He doesn't is a driver.。今天练的是实义动词的否定,遇到 be 动词先放过,别把两套规则混在一起。判断顺序固定为:主语—动词类型—助动词,三步走完再下笔。 ## 六、参考答案 **A** 1. rest;finish 2. studies(第三人称单数,study 变 studies) 3. teaches(teach 加 -es) 4. I don't like coffee. 5. He starts work at eight. 6. start **B** 1. She doesn't work in a hospital. 2. I don't live in Beijing. 3. Does he like his job? 4. Do they work in a factory? 5. She doesn't work on Sundays. **C** 1. 参考否定句:I don't work on Sundays. / She doesn't live here. / He doesn't like coffee. / They don't have a car. / My brother doesn't study English. 参考问答:Do you work in an office? — Yes, I do. / Does she live here? — No, she doesn't. / Do they like their jobs? — Yes, they do. / Does he start work at eight? — No, he doesn't. / Do you rest on Sunday? — Yes, I do. 2. 自查:10 组里 does/doesn't 后多余 -s 不超过 1 处;每组问答 5 秒内接上。 B 组第 1、2 题先看主语:She 用 doesn't,I 用 don't,后面动词一律原形。第 3、4 题把助动词提到句首:He likes 变 Does he like,They work 变 Do they work。第 5 题是本周最高频错误,doesn't 后面多了一个 s,去掉即可。A 组第 2 题 studies 是辅音字母加 y 变 ies,第 3 题 teach 加 es,这两条属于拼写规则,读的时候顺带记住。C 组参考答案里的 5 组问答可以整体背下来,换主语就能变成自己的内容。 还有一条容易忽略:don't 和 doesn't 在句中通常弱读,don't 的 /t/(≈特·清) 常常几乎听不见,doesn't 读成 /ˈdʌznt/。你自己说的时候不必刻意吞音,但听慢速材料时要能认出这两个词,否则会把否定句听成肯定句。跟读时把 don't 读清楚,先保证对方听懂,再追求自然。 ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 自查项 | 过关线 | 怎么查 | | --- | --- | --- | | 否定句 | 5 句全部用 don't / doesn't | 圈出助动词,确认后面是原形 | | 疑问句 | 5 组 Do/Does 开头正确 | 看主语是第几人称 | | 简短回答 | 5 组答句不重复实义动词 | 只允许 Yes, I do. 这类结构 | | 录音 | 约 60 秒,10 组完整 | 回听,记卡壳和多余 -s | 产出文件:`Day04_否定与问答十组.md`,录音命名 `Day04_问答_日期`。 录音时不要连着念 10 组。念完一句否定停半秒,念完一组问答停一秒,回听时才数得清哪组出错。卡住的那组单独读五遍再录,不要整段重来。每组问答控制在 6 秒左右,10 组正好 60 秒。如果时间不够,先录 5 组否定,再录 5 组问答,分成两个文件也可以,但要在文件名里写清楚。背景有噪音时,词尾的 s 最容易丢,尽量在安静的房间录。 10 组录音不用一次录完。先录 5 组否定,回听确认没有多余的 s;再录 5 组问答,确认答句没有重复实义动词。两段都过关,再合成一个文件。这样即使第二段出错,也不用重录第一段。录音前把 10 组编号写在纸上,录完一组划掉一组,漏录会少很多。 ## 八、明日预告 Day 5 加疑问词:what / where / who / when / why / how old,把今天的是非问句升级成"问什么"的问句,写 8 组自问自答。今天的 5 组问答是明天的底子。 如果 5 组问答写不满,就用前两天的家庭、工作句来改:She lives here. 变 Does she live here?;He works in a factory. 变 Does he work in a factory?。把肯定句翻成问句,是最省力的练习方式,也能顺便复习三单。改的时候只动两处:句首加 Do 或 Does,动词去掉 -s;其他词原样保留,句子就不会散。 明天加疑问词,问句会变长,但骨架不变:疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 原形。今天把 do/does 的位置练成条件反射,明天只需要在句首加一个词。不要提前背明天的 8 个问句,先把今天的 5 组说顺。 另外,do 和 does 在句首要读得清楚,不要吞掉;听的人靠这个词判断你在提问。 录完后把音量调到一半再听一遍,能听清 do/does 才算过关。 录音时把手机放在桌上,不要拿在手里,手抖会有杂音,也会让你不自觉加快。