# 英语中级 · 第 10 周 Day 6|三项自查改二稿 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 今天不写新句子,只做三件事:查主题句能不能被反驳、查每个例子后面有没有分析句、查连接词是不是用重了。三项都是结构问题,不是语法问题,所以改起来是删和挪,不是重写。很多人改稿只会换同义词,改完读起来还是原来那篇;真正的改稿是发现「这段其实没在证明什么」,然后把句子搬对位置。学完你会有 220 词修改稿和一张自查表,Day 7 只做定稿和朗读。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 通读标问题 | 10 min | 出声读一遍初稿,遇到读不通、想跳过的地方画横线,不立刻改 | 问题清单 | | 2. 查主题句 | 10 min | 每段第一句单独抄出来,问「反方能不能反驳」,不能的改写 | 2—3 句改写 | | 3. 查分析句 | 12 min | 每个例子后找 This shows / suggests;没有的补,复述例子的重写 | 补写 1—2 句 | | 4. 数连接词 | 12 min | 统计 however、also、moreover、therefore、in addition 的出现次数,标出重复与错配 | 连接词统计表 | | 5. 删改与替换 | 12 min | 重复的连接词删掉一半,改用代词或关键词复现;逻辑错的换成正确关系词 | 修改稿 | | 6. 终读与字数 | 4 min | 再读一遍,确认 215—225 词,标记仍未解决的 1 处 | 修改稿 + 自查表 | 总时长 60 分钟。**今天的纪律是先标后改**。读第一遍时只画线不动手,因为一边读一边改,你会陷在第一句里,永远读不到第三段。标完再统一处理,效率高,也更容易看出模式——同一类错误往往出现三次。 三项检查的顺序不能换。主题句错了,分析句再漂亮也没用;分析句缺了,连接词再多也是空转。所以先查主题句,再查例子,最后查连接词。 连接词这一项要换个看法:不是「用得够不够多」,而是「有没有重复、有没有说谎」。说谎指的是关系词和实际逻辑不符——两句是并列关系,你写 however;两句是因果关系,你写 in addition。这类错误比重复更伤,因为读者会跟着你的信号走错方向。 ## 二、核心词汇与搭配 | 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | coherent | /kəʊˈhɪərənt/(≈科希若恩特) | adj. | 连贯的 | a coherent argument;coherent structure | The essay is coherent but repetitive. 这篇作文连贯,但重复。 | | refute | /rɪˈfjuːt/(≈里夫尤特) | v. | 驳斥 | refute an argument;refute with data | A claim no one can refute is not arguable. 没人能驳的主张,其实不可辩。 | | cohesion | /kəʊˈhiːʒn/(≈科希日恩·长) | n. | 衔接、凝聚力 | lexical cohesion;a sense of cohesion | Cohesion comes from repeated key words, not only from links. 衔接来自关键词复现,不只是连接词。 | | repetition | /ˌrepəˈtɪʃn/(≈雷珀提希恩) | n. | 重复 | avoid repetition;needless repetition | Repetition of however is the most common flaw. 重复使用 however 是最常见的毛病。 | | redundant | /rɪˈdʌndənt/(≈里丹德恩特) | adj. | 多余的 | a redundant phrase;cut redundant words | Cut redundant phrases before you cut content. 先删多余短语,再删内容。 | | debatable | /dɪˈbeɪtəbl/(≈迪贝特布尔) | adj. | 有争议的 | a debatable claim;highly debatable | A topic sentence must be debatable. 主题句必须有争议。 | | analysis | /əˈnæləsɪs/(≈厄奈勒西斯) | n. | 分析 | provide analysis;a short analysis | Each example needs one sentence of analysis. 每个例子需要一句分析。 | | proofread | /ˈpruːfriːd/(≈普鲁夫里德) | v. | 校对 | proofread the draft;proofread for typos | Proofread the final version aloud. 定稿要出声校对。 | | consistency | /kənˈsɪstənsi/(≈克恩西斯特恩西) | n. | 一致性 | consistency in tense;maintain consistency | Check consistency of tense across paragraphs. 检查各段时态是否一致。 | | ambiguous | /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ | adj. | 含糊的 | an ambiguous sentence;slightly ambiguous | An ambiguous topic sentence weakens the whole paragraph. 主题句含糊,整段都弱。 | 今天的工作词是 refute、debatable、analysis、repetition、redundant、cohesion 六个:refute 和 debatable 用来测主题句,analysis 用来测例子,repetition 和 redundant 用来测连接词与废话,cohesion 是你改完之后要有的效果。 ## 三、语法/语篇/语音点 **衔接不靠堆连接词:指代与关键词复现** 今天只讲一个点:段落之间、句子之间怎么接才不重复。规则只有一句:显性连接词是盐,少量提味,多了发苦。 | 规则 | 说明 | 例子 | | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 一段最多两个显性连接词 | However、Moreover、Therefore 加起来不超过两个,其余靠句子顺序 | 原:However, … Moreover, … Therefore, … 改:只留一个 However,后两句直接陈述 | | 2. 用代词接上一句 | this、these、such、it 可以顶一个连接词 | **This matters because training is hard to replace.** 这很重要,因为培训难以替代。 | | 3. 用关键词复现代替连接词 | 重复核心名词(time、training、cost)比重复 however 更自然 | **The time saved is real. The training lost is also real.** 省下的时间是真的,失去的培训也是真的。 | | 4. 连接词必须与逻辑一致 | 因果用 therefore,对比用 by contrast,递进用 moreover,不能混用 | 两句是并列,就不能写 therefore | | 5. 删掉不改变意思的连接词 | 删完再读,如果意思没变,说明它本来就没干活 | In addition, moreover, 两个留一个 | **正误对比** | 错误 | 正确 | 说明 | | --- | --- | --- | | However, remote work saves time. Moreover, it cuts commuting. Therefore, staff are happier. | Remote work saves time and cuts commuting. Staff, as a result, report less fatigue. | 三个连接词堆在一段,逻辑还被夸大 | | Offices teach by overhearing. Therefore, home work also teaches by reading. | Offices teach by overhearing. At home, by contrast, people learn by reading. | 两句是对比,不是因果 | | The benefit is real. The benefit is narrow. The benefit depends on the job. | The benefit is real but narrow, and it depends on the job. | 三句同头,重复且散 | **三个常见错误** 1. **连接词当装饰**。每句开头都加一个,读起来像模板。判断方法:删掉这个词,句子关系还清楚吗?清楚就删。 2. **关键词一次也不复现**。第一段说 time,第二段说 hours,第三段说 minutes,读者要自己等式换算。核心名词至少复现两次。 3. **主题句含糊到无法反驳**。It is important to consider many factors. 这句谁都同意,也就什么都没说。改成有对象的判断。 ## 四、句型与范例 | 句型 | 用法 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | | This matters because… | 用指代衔接,替代 therefore | This matters because training is the hardest thing to replace. 这很重要,因为培训是最难替代的。 | | The point is not … but … | 纠正误解,收束一段 | The point is not where people sit but what the work requires. 关键不是人坐在哪,而是工作需要什么。 | | This, in turn, … | 表示连锁结果,比 therefore 轻 | This, in turn, raises the cost of hiring. 这反过来提高了招聘成本。 | | That said, … | 轻让步,比 however 自然 | That said, the saving is real for senior staff. 话虽如此,对老员工来说节省是真实的。 | | In other words, … | 换说法澄清,替代重复 | In other words, the gain is narrow. 换句话说,好处很窄。 | | None of this means that… | 防止过度推论 | None of this means that offices are always better. 这并不意味着办公室总是更好。 | | What matters here is… | 把读者拉回重点 | What matters here is who pays for the training. 这里重要的是谁为培训买单。 | | The same holds for… | 复现结构,扩展适用范围 | The same holds for any job that needs quiet. 对任何需要安静的工作都是如此。 | **修改示范(原句 → 改句)** > 原:However, home working saves time. Moreover, it reduces commuting. Therefore, everyone benefits. In addition, companies save money. > > 改:Home working saves time, mainly by cutting commuting. The saving, however, goes to staff who already know the job; for new hires, the same hours turn into lost training. 原句四句用了四个连接词,信息量只有两条,而且最后一句 everyone benefits 与全文立场冲突。改句只留一个 however,靠 the saving / the same hours 复现关键词,逻辑关系由句子顺序承担。字数从 24 降到 35,但信息从两条变成三条。 改稿时优先删三类东西:重复的连接词、不干活的形容词(very、really、extremely)、和自己立场冲突的绝对句(everyone、always、never)。 ## 五、练习 **A. 词汇与翻译(8 题)** 1. 这篇作文连贯,但重复。(coherent) 2. 没人能驳的主张,其实不可辩。(refute) 3. 衔接来自关键词复现。(cohesion) 4. 重复使用 however 是最常见的毛病。(repetition) 5. 先删多余短语,再删内容。(redundant) 6. 主题句必须有争议。(debatable) 7. 每个例子需要一句分析。(analysis) 8. 检查各段时态是否一致。(consistency) **B. 改稿(6 题)** 1. 删到只剩一个连接词:However, it saves time. Moreover, it cuts commuting. Therefore, staff are happier. 2. 把 Therefore 改成对比关系:Offices teach by overhearing. Therefore, home work teaches by reading. 3. 把三句同头改成一句:The benefit is real. The benefit is narrow. The benefit depends on the job. 4. 把不可辩主题句改可辩:It is important to consider many factors. 5. 给例子补一句分析:A team of eight cut meetings from nine hours to six. 6. 改掉与自己立场冲突的绝对句(立场:居家办公只适合老员工):Everyone benefits from home working. **C. 输出(1 题)** 按三项清单改一遍 Day 5 初稿,输出 215—225 词修改稿,写进 Day06_修改稿.md;另附一张自查表,列出删改的 5 处,每处写清「原句问题 + 改法」。 ## 六、参考答案 **A.** 1. The essay is coherent but repetitive. 2. A claim no one can refute is not arguable. 3. Cohesion comes from repeated key words. 4. Repetition of however is the most common flaw. 5. Cut redundant phrases before you cut content. 6. A topic sentence must be debatable. 7. Each example needs one sentence of analysis. 8. Check consistency of tense across paragraphs. 错题点:第 2 题 refute 是及物动词,不说 refute against;第 5 题 before 后接从句时主语要与主句一致,这里 you 一致,成立。 **B.** 参考。 1. Home working saves time and cuts commuting, so staff report less fatigue. 2. Offices teach by overhearing. At home, by contrast, people learn by reading. 3. The benefit is real but narrow, and it depends on the job. 4. Many factors matter, but the decisive one is who pays for training. 5. A team of eight cut its meetings from nine hours to six, which shows that saved time can be redirected to client work. 6. Experienced staff benefit most from home working; new hires often pay for it. 错题点:第 1 题删连接词后要用 and / so 保持关系,不能三句直接并排;第 5 题分析句必须往上走一层,不能只说「省了时间」。 **C. 评分要点** - 两段主体主题句均可辩,且各自单一(5 分)。 - 每个例子后有 ≥ 1 句分析,且不是复述(5 分)。 - 显性连接词每段 ≤ 2 个,无逻辑错配(4 分)。 - 删改说明 5 处,每处写清问题与改法(3 分)。 - 词数 215—225(3 分)。 - 总分 20 分,16 分以上算过。 ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 检查项 | 达标线 | 怎么查 | | --- | --- | --- | | 修改稿 | Day06_修改稿.md,215—225 词 | 数字数 | | 主题句 | 2 句都能被反方反驳 | 逐句写一句反方观点试试 | | 分析句 | 每个例子后 ≥ 1 句,且不复述 | 遮住例子读分析句 | | 连接词 | 每段显性连接词 ≤ 2 个,无 however 连用 | 数一遍,做统计表 | | 删改记录 | 5 处,含原句问题与改法 | 逐条核对 | 自查第三项用「遮住例子」这一招最快。第四项建议真的做一张小表:段落、连接词、出现次数、逻辑关系是否正确,四列,五分钟能填完,问题一目了然。 ## 八、明日预告 Day 7 定稿并朗读。你会做最后一次校对,把全文压到 220 词,然后出声读三遍、录一遍音,听句子是否顺、停顿是否落在意群上。今天改的是结构,明天改的是声音——很多在纸上看着对的句子,一读就露馅。