# 英语中级 · 第 10 周 Day 5|引言结论补到二百二 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 今天只写头尾:40 词引言、30 词结论,然后把 Day 3、Day 4 的两段接进去,凑成 220 词全文初稿。头尾各只有两三句,却决定阅卷人第一眼和最后一眼的印象。引言要做两件事——改写题目、给出立场,一件都不能少;结论做两件事——重申立场、给一句延伸,不能加新论点。今天还要练一个具体手艺:改写题目时不改题意,只换说法。学完你手里有完整初稿,Day 6 只改不写。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 定立场 | 5 min | 把 Day 3、Day 4 两段的主题句并排读,用一句中文写清全文立场(含限定范围) | 一句中文立场 | | 2. 改写题目 | 12 min | 用换词、换结构、换视角三种手段各写一版题目改写,选最自然的一句 | 3 版改写 | | 3. 写引言 | 8 min | 改写句 + 一句背景或现象 + 一句明确立场,控制在 38—45 词 | 40 词引言 | | 4. 写结论 | 12 min | 重申立场(换句式,不抄引言)+ 一句延伸(建议、条件或后果),28—35 词 | 30 词结论 | | 5. 拼接调缝 | 10 min | 把引言、两段主体、结论接起来,补 1—2 个过渡词,读一遍看是否跳 | 全文初稿 | | 6. 数字数与通读 | 8 min | 数到 215—225 词;标出重复出现的词,超过三次的记下来留给 Day 6 | 初稿 + 重复词清单 | 总时长 60 分钟。**今天不重写主体段**。很多人一到拼全文就手痒,把写好的段落改得面目全非,结果时间全花在第二段,头尾草草了事。主体段的问题留给 Day 6 的清单,今天只对头尾负责。 引言最常见的两个毛病,一是复述题目,二是把立场藏在最后一句之外。复述题目在考官眼里等于零分内容,因为你没有做任何加工。判断方法:把你的第一句和题目并排放,如果连续六个词一样,就是复述。立场句则必须让人读完就知道你站哪边、站到什么程度,不能读完还不知道你同意还是反对。 结论最常见的毛病是加新论点。写到结尾忽然提出「政府还应该补贴教师培训」,这一句没有论证支撑,等于给阅卷人送一个漏洞。结论只做两件事:把说过的话用另一种说法收拢,再给一句不引入新论证的延伸,比如建议、条件、后果。 ## 二、核心词汇与搭配 | 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | introduction | /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/(≈伊恩特若达克希恩) | n. | 引言、导论 | in the introduction;a short introduction | The introduction should not repeat the question. 引言不应复述题目。 | | hook | /hʊk/(≈胡克·短) | n. | 开场抓人的句子 | open with a hook;a strong hook | A hook can be a fact, not a question. 开场句可以是一个事实,不必是问句。 | | background | /ˈbækɡraʊnd/(≈拜克格劳恩德) | n. | 背景 | give background;background information | One sentence of background is enough. 一句背景就够了。 | | restate | /ˌriːˈsteɪt/(≈里斯泰特·长) | v. | 重申 | restate the position;restate in other words | Restate your position without copying the introduction. 重申立场,但不要抄引言。 | | paraphrase | /ˈpærəfreɪz/(≈派若夫雷兹) | v./n. | 改写 | paraphrase the question;a close paraphrase | Paraphrase means changing the words, not the meaning. 改写是换词,不是换意思。 | | anecdote | /ˈænɪkdəʊt/(≈艾尼克多特) | n. | 轶事、小故事 | open with an anecdote;a short anecdote | A short anecdote can replace a general statement. 一个小故事可以替代一句笼统陈述。 | | qualify | /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/(≈克沃利法) | v. | 给…加限定 | qualify the position;a qualified yes | Qualify your yes so that it can be defended. 给「同意」加限定,才守得住。 | | conclusion | /kənˈkluːʒn/(≈克恩克卢日恩) | n. | 结论 | in conclusion;draw a conclusion | The conclusion adds no new argument. 结论不加新论点。 | | position | /pəˈzɪʃn/(≈珀齐希恩) | n. | 立场 | state your position;a clear position | State your position in the first paragraph. 第一段就表明立场。 | | extension | /ɪkˈstenʃn/(≈伊克斯泰恩希恩) | n. | 延伸、扩展 | a brief extension;an extension of the argument | End with a short extension, not a new point. 结尾给一句短延伸,不是新论点。 | 今天要动手用的是 paraphrase、restate、position、extension 四个:paraphrase 处理题目,position 是你写的东西,restate 是结论的动作,extension 是结论最后那一句。hook 和 anecdote 是可选手段,intro 里用得上就用,用不上不要硬塞。 ## 三、语法/语篇/语音点 **改写题目:换词、换结构、换视角,但不换意思** 今天只讲一个点:paraphrase。它是引言第一句的核心技术,也是最能看出功底的地方。 | 规则 | 说明 | 例子 | | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 换词 | 同义词替换,注意搭配不能变 | 原题:Many companies now allow employees to work from home. 改写:**A growing number of firms let staff work remotely.** | | 2. 换结构 | 主动变被动、名词变动词、从句变短语 | 原题:Some people think university should be free. 改写:**Free university education is now seen by some as a right.** | | 3. 换视角 | 从相反面或结果面切入 | 原题:children should start languages earlier. 改写:**The age at which children begin a foreign language has become a subject of debate.** | | 4. 保留题意 | 改写只换说法,不换范围、不换对象 | 原题说 for everyone,改写不能悄悄变成 for poor students | | 5. 一句完成 | 引言第一句不要铺三段背景,一句话把题目交代清楚 | 40 词引言里,改写句通常 15—20 词 | **正误对比** | 错误 | 正确 | 说明 | | --- | --- | --- | | Many companies now allow employees to work from home. | A growing number of firms let staff work remotely. | 前者整句照抄,等于没写 | | Some people think university should be free for everyone. | Free university education for all is now widely debated. | 保留 for all,范围没丢 | | University should be free because education is a right. | Whether university should be free for all remains contested. | 改写句不能提前给理由,理由留给主体段 | **三个常见错误** 1. **改写时偷换范围**。题目说 all students,你写成 poor students,后面整篇都在论证另一个题目。写完改写句,回头对照题目,逐个名词检查。 2. **引言过长**。背景写三句、立场挤在最后半句,40 词根本装不下。引言只留三块:改写、一句背景、立场。 3. **结论抄引言**。第一段写 This essay argues that the benefits are limited,最后一段又写 This essay argues that the benefits are limited,一字不差。结论要换句式:The benefits, then, are real but narrow. ## 四、句型与范例 | 句型 | 用法 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | | It is often argued that… | 交代他人观点,为立场做铺垫 | It is often argued that home working benefits everyone equally. 常有人说居家办公对人人都有好处。 | | While some people believe…, this essay argues that… | 一句里完成让步与立场 | While some see remote work as a universal gain, this essay argues that it suits experienced staff far better. 有人视远程办公为普遍利好,本文认为它更适合老员工。 | | The question is whether… | 把题目转成争议点 | The question is whether the gain is shared by everyone. 问题在于这份好处是否人人有份。 | | This essay argues that … , though only when … | 立场加条件 | This essay argues that the policy works, though only when training is protected. 本文认为该政策有效,但前提是培训不受损。 | | In conclusion, … | 结论开头,最稳 | In conclusion, the arrangement helps those who already know the job. 总之,这种安排帮助的是已经熟悉工作的人。 | | The evidence above suggests that… | 用论证收束,不喊口号 | The evidence above suggests that the benefit is narrower than it looks. 上述证据表明,好处比看上去要窄。 | | Rather than …, … should … | 延伸句,给建议 | Rather than offering it to all, firms should offer it to those who can work alone. 与其向所有人开放,公司不如提供给能独立工作的人。 | | A balanced view would be that… | 延伸句,给条件式判断 | A balanced view would be that flexibility has to be earned by experience. 平衡的看法是:灵活性要靠经验换取。 | **40 词引言范例** > Home working has spread quickly, and it is often presented as a gain for everyone. This essay argues that the benefits are real but narrow: they go mainly to experienced staff, while new employees pay the cost. 三句:第一句改写题目(spread quickly / presented as a gain),第二句给立场(real but narrow),冒号后给范围(experienced staff / new employees)。没有 In my opinion,也没有 This essay will discuss。 **30 词结论范例** > In short, home working rewards experience and charges the cost to those who have least of it. Firms should therefore offer it selectively, not as a default. 两句:第一句重申(rewards experience / charges the cost),句式与引言完全不同;第二句给建议式延伸,没有引入新论点。全篇到此为止,不再举例。 ## 五、练习 **A. 词汇与翻译(8 题)** 1. 引言不应复述题目。(introduction) 2. 一句背景就够了。(background) 3. 重申立场,但不要抄引言。(restate) 4. 改写是换词,不是换意思。(paraphrase) 5. 一个小故事可以替代一句笼统陈述。(anecdote) 6. 给「同意」加限定,才守得住。(qualify) 7. 结论不加新论点。(conclusion) 8. 第一段就表明立场。(position) **B. 题目改写(6 题)** 用指定手段改写下面各题,一句完成,不改题意。 1. 换词:Many companies now allow employees to work from home. 2. 换结构(被动):The government should spend more on public transport. 3. 换视角(从争议切入):Children should start learning a foreign language at primary school. 4. 换词:University education should be free for everyone. 5. 换结构(名词化):People use smartphones too much. 6. 给下面这句加限定,使它可守:Home working is good for companies. **C. 输出(1 题)** 写 40 词引言(38—45)和 30 词结论(28—35),把 Day 3、Day 4 两段接进去,合成 215—225 词全文。写进 Day05_全文初稿.md。引言必须含改写句与立场句,结论不得与引言出现连续六个词相同。 ## 六、参考答案 **A.** 1. The introduction should not repeat the question. 2. One sentence of background is enough. 3. Restate your position without copying the introduction. 4. Paraphrase means changing the words, not the meaning. 5. A short anecdote can replace a general statement. 6. Qualify your yes so that it can be defended. 7. The conclusion adds no new argument. 8. State your position in the first paragraph. 错题点:第 4 题 mean 后接动名词,不接 to change;第 6 题 qualify 是及物动词,直接接宾语。 **B.** 参考。 1. A growing number of firms let staff work remotely. 2. More money should be spent on public transport by the government. 3. The age at which children begin a foreign language has become a subject of debate. 4. Free university education for all is now widely discussed. 5. The overuse of smartphones has changed daily habits. 6. Home working is good for companies with experienced staff, though less so for those hiring heavily. 错题点:第 1 题 allow employees to work 改成 let staff work,注意 let 后不加 to;第 6 题加限定必须限定对象或条件,不能只加 very。 **C. 评分要点** - 引言含改写句与立场句,改写与题目无连续六词重合(6 分)。 - 结论重申立场且句式与引言不同,无新论点(5 分)。 - 全文 215—225 词,四段结构清楚(4 分)。 - 段间有过渡,读起来不跳(3 分)。 - 总分 18 分,14 分以上算过。 ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 检查项 | 达标线 | 怎么查 | | --- | --- | --- | | 初稿文件 | Day05_全文初稿.md,215—225 词,四段 | 数字数、数段 | | 引言 | 38—45 词,含改写句 + 立场句 | 两句都圈出来 | | 改写质量 | 与题目无连续六词相同 | 逐句对齐比 | | 结论 | 28—35 词,无新论点、无新例子 | 问:这句前面论证过吗 | | 重复词清单 | 列出出现 ≥ 3 次的实词,交给 Day 6 | 数词频 | 自查第四项用「前面论证过吗」这一个问题就够。结论里每一句都要能在前文找到支撑,找不到就是新论点,删掉或改成建议句。 ## 八、明日预告 Day 6 不写新内容,只改。你会拿一张三项清单过一遍初稿:主题句是否可辩、每个例子后是否有分析句、连接词是否重复。三项里最容易翻车的是第三项——很多人一段里塞四个 However。明天还要把全文压回 220 词,删掉所有不干活的句子。