# 英语中级 · 第 8 周 Day 3|五句描述图表趋势 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 前两天练的是「听懂」和「改对」,今天开始输出。用五句英文说清一张真实图表的趋势,是我们工作中最常被要求、也最容易说乱的任务:数据一堆,听的人只想知道「往哪走、差多少、为什么」。今天只做五句,不加第六句,逼自己删掉不重要的小波动。这五句会成为 Day 4 陈述稿里例证段的原料——一个具体数字,比十句形容词有用。语法上继续沿着本周的比较线走,只是把比较的对象换成了时间和类别。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 选图与读图 | 7 min | 找一张本周真实可用的图(年报、周报、新闻图表均可),先不写英文,用中文标出:起点、终点、最高点、最低点、交叉点 | 图上 5 个标记 | | 趋势句 | 12 min | 写 2 句:一句概述整体走向,一句写最明显的上升或下降,必须带数字和时间 | 2 句 | | 对比与解释 | 14 min | 写 2 句对比(一句比类别、一句比时间段,用 twice / higher than / compared with),再写 1 句因果解释原因,用 account for / result in / stem from 之一 | 3 句 | | 连读与口述 | 7 min | 五句连起来读两遍,第二遍不看稿说 60 秒 | 60 秒口述录音 | | 复查 | 5 min | 核对时态、数字、介词,删掉一个可有可无的形容词 | 定稿 5 句 | 五句的分配是固定的:1 句概述 + 2 句趋势 + 2 句对比,解释句可以并进对比句里。为什么强调「概述」?因为听的人先要结论,再要细节。很多人一开口就是「2019 年是 12%,2020 年是 15%,2021 年是 19%」,三句过去,对方还不知道你想说什么。 选图有三条标准:数据点不要超过二十个,超过就说明这张图本身不适合五分钟内讲清;至少有两个类别或两个时间段可以对比,否则写不出对比句;最好有一个明确的转折点(急升、急跌、交叉),这样趋势句才有内容。如果手上只有一张很平的图,换一张,不要硬写。 ## 二、核心词汇与搭配 这十个词覆盖趋势的五种形态:上升、下降、持平、波动、峰值。先记搭配,再记词义——图表题失分多半是介词错。 | 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句(含翻译) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | peak | /piːk/(≈皮克·长) | n. / v. | 峰值;达到顶峰 | peak at 40%;reach a peak of | Sales **peaked at** 40,000 units in July.(销量在七月达到四万的峰值。) | | level off | /ˌlevl ˈɒf/ | phr. v. | 趋于平稳 | level off at;level off after | Growth **levelled off at** around three percent.(增长在百分之三左右趋稳。) | | fluctuate | /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ | v. | 波动 | fluctuate between A and B;fluctuate widely | Prices **fluctuated between** 20 and 25 euros.(价格在二十到二十五欧元之间波动。) | | decline | /dɪˈklaɪn/(≈迪克莱恩·短) | n. / v. | 下降;衰退 | a steady decline;decline by 8% | Attendance **declined by** eight percent last year.(去年出席率下降了百分之八。) | | plateau | /ˈplætəʊ/(≈普莱托) | n. / v. | 平台期;进入平台期 | hit a plateau;plateau at | Demand **plateaued** in the second half.(下半年需求进入平台期。) | | sharp | /ʃɑːp/(≈夏普·长) | adj. | 急剧的 | a sharp rise;sharply | There was a **sharp** drop in March.(三月出现急剧下跌。) | | gradual | /ˈɡrædʒuəl/ | adj. | 逐渐的 | a gradual recovery;gradually | The recovery has been **gradual**.(复苏是渐进的。) | | steady | /ˈstedi/(≈斯泰迪) | adj. | 稳定的、持续的 | a steady increase;steadily | We saw a **steady** increase in users.(我们看到用户稳步增长。) | | respectively | /rɪˈspektɪvli/(≈里斯佩克提夫利) | adv. | 分别地 | rose 5% and 3% respectively | The two regions grew 5% and 3% **respectively**.(两个地区分别增长百分之五和百分之三。) | | overtake | /ˌəʊvəˈteɪk/(≈欧弗泰克·轻) | v. | 超过、赶上 | overtake sb in sales | Online sales **overtook** store sales in 2022.(网售在 2022 年超过门店销售。) | 按形状分组记更省力:往上是 climb、rise、grow,往下是 fall、drop、decline,横着走是 level off、plateau、remain flat,上下抖是 fluctuate,到顶到谷是 peak、bottom out。每组记两个就够用,不用背同义词表。 两个易错点:peak 后面接 at 加数值、in 加月份或年份,写成 peak on July 是错的;decline、increase 后面接 by 表示幅度、to 表示终点,rose to 30% 是「升到三十」,rose by 30% 是「升了三十个百分点」,差别很大。 ## 三、语篇点:同一句话的两种骨架 图表句只有两种写法,学会互换,你的句子就不会单调。 **五条规则** 1. **动词 + 副词**:Sales rose sharply. / Costs fell slightly. 动词选 rise、fall、grow、drop、climb,副词选 sharply、steadily、gradually、slightly、significantly。 2. **形容词 + 名词**:There was a sharp rise in sales. / We saw a slight fall in costs. 两种写法意思相同,正式报告里第二种更常见。 3. **不及物与及物别混**:rise / fall / grow 不带宾语;raise / cut / reduce 必须带宾语。Prices rose. 对,Prices raised. 错。 4. **峰值、低谷、持平各有固定搭配**:peak at / reach a peak of;hit a low of / bottom out at;level off at / remain flat / plateau at。波动用 fluctuate between A and B。 5. **时态跟着时间走**:图上是过去五年,用一般过去时;延伸到今年且仍在继续,可用现在完成;预测部分用 is expected to / is projected to,不要用 will 一刀切。 **正误对比** | 错误 | 正确 | 说明 | | --- | --- | --- | | Prices raised by 12% last year. | Prices **rose** by 12% last year. | rise 不及物;raise 要带宾语(We raised prices.) | | Sales peaked on July. | Sales peaked **in** July. | 月份、年份用 in,具体某天用 on | | Revenue increased 20% to 5 million. | Revenue increased **by** 20% **to** 5 million. | by 是幅度,to 是终点,两个都要 | | There was a sharply rise in users. | There was a **sharp** rise in users. | 修饰名词用形容词,修饰动词才用副词 | | The figure was fluctuated between 10 and 12. | The figure **fluctuated** between 10 and 12. | fluctuate 不及物,不用被动 | **三个常见错误** - **只报数不给走向**:连写五个数字,听的人自己算趋势。概述句必须先给方向。 - **时态混用**:前半句用过去时,后半句突然用现在时,读者会以为数据变了。 - **副词与动词重复**:rose up sharply、fell down significantly,up / down 与动词重复,删掉。 ## 四、句型与范例 十句,按「概述—趋势—对比—解释」排好,写今天的五句时直接取用。 | 功能 | 句型 | 例句 | 中文 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 概述 | Overall, X rose steadily over the period. | Overall, remote work rose steadily over the five years. | 总体看,远程办公在这五年里稳步上升。 | | 概述(对比) | The figure for A was consistently higher than for B. | The figure for Asia was consistently higher than for Europe. | 亚洲的数字始终高于欧洲。 | | 上升 | X climbed from A to B between 2019 and 2024. | Users climbed from 12% to 31% between 2019 and 2024. | 用户比例从百分之十二升到百分之三十一。 | | 下降 | X fell sharply, from A to B. | Store visits fell sharply, from 60% to 38%. | 到店客流从六成骤降到三成八。 | | 峰值 | X peaked at A in B. | Demand peaked at 40,000 units in July. | 需求在七月达到四万件的峰值。 | | 持平 | X levelled off at around A. | Growth levelled off at around 3%. | 增长在百分之三左右趋稳。 | | 波动 | X fluctuated between A and B. | Prices fluctuated between 20 and 25 euros. | 价格在二十到二十五欧元间波动。 | | 对比(倍数) | A was twice as high as B. | Online sales were twice as high as store sales. | 网售是门店销售的两倍。 | | 对比(时间) | The rise was smaller than in the previous year. | The rise was smaller than in the previous year. | 涨幅比前一年小。 | | 解释 | This stems from / accounts for … | This stems from a change in how teams are paid. | 这源于团队计酬方式的改变。 | 写的时候一条纪律:一句话只放一个数字组。想放两个,就拆成两句。图表描述读起来累,多半是数字挤在一起。 还有一条关于副词的分寸:不是每句都要 sharply。一张图里真正「急剧」的变化通常只有一两处,其他都是 steady、gradual、slightly。全篇用急剧词,等于什么都没强调。写完把副词圈出来,如果三个以上都是 sharply,改掉两个。 ## 五、练习 **A 词汇与搭配(8 题)** 用括号内词的正确形式填空,注意介词。 1. Sales ______ (peak) at 8,000 units in December. 2. After two years of growth, demand ______ (level off) at around 5%. 3. Prices ______ (fluctuate) between 18 and 22 euros all summer. 4. Attendance ______ (decline) by 12% last term. 5. There was a ______ (gradual) improvement in delivery times. 6. The north and the south grew 6% and 2% ______ (respective). 7. Online orders ______ (overtake) phone orders in 2023. 8. The recovery has been slow but ______ (steady). **B 改写(6 题)** 不改变意思,按括号要求改写。 1. Sales rose sharply in Q3.(改成 There was … 结构) 2. There was a slight fall in costs.(改成动词 + 副词结构) 3. Prices went up. Prices were 30 euros. (合成一句,用 to) 4. Revenue increased. The increase was 20%. (合成一句,用 by) 5. Asia sold 500 units. Europe sold 250 units.(用 twice as many as 合成一句) 6. The plant opened in 2020. Output doubled after that.(用 since 合成一句) **C 输出(1 题)** 用你今天选的真实图表,写 5 句英文(每句 ≤ 20 词),要求:1 句概述、2 句趋势、2 句对比(其中 1 句含倍数或百分比差),并至少用 1 个因果表达解释原因。然后不看稿口述 60 秒,录音。合计 80—110 词。 ## 六、参考答案 **A** 1. peaked(peak at + 数值;过去时) 2. levelled off(level off at + 数值;英式拼写双 l,美式 leveled 也可) 3. fluctuated(fluctuate between A and B,不及物,不用被动) 4. declined(decline by + 幅度) 5. gradual(修饰名词 improvement 用形容词) 6. respectively(放句末,逗号隔开) 7. overtook(overtake 的过去式,不规则) 8. steady(与 slow 并列,形容词) **B** 1. There was a sharp rise in sales in Q3. 2. Costs fell slightly. 3. Prices went up to 30 euros.(to 表示终点) 4. Revenue increased by 20%.(by 表示幅度) 5. Asia sold twice as many units as Europe. 6. Output has doubled since the plant opened in 2020.(since + 过去时间点,主句用现在完成) **C 参考范文(示例数据,仅供对照结构)** > Overall, the share of staff working remotely rose steadily between 2019 and 2024. It climbed from 12% to 31%, with a sharp jump in 2020. Growth then levelled off at around 30% for two years. The share in engineering was twice as high as in sales, at 42% and 21% respectively. This gap stems from the fact that engineering work needs fewer face-to-face meetings. 评分看五点:概述句在不在第一句、数字有没有配单位和时间、趋势动词与副词搭不搭、对比句是否同类别比、因果句方向对不对。五句里如果有两句都在报同一组数字,删掉一句。 如果你选的图和范文的走势完全不同,不要改数据去凑范文。范文只示范结构:先总后分、先趋势后对比、最后给一句原因。结构对了,数字换成你自己的,句子照样成立。 ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 检查项 | 标准 | 完成 | | --- | --- | --- | | 句数与结构 | 正好 5 句:1 概述 + 2 趋势 + 2 对比,含 1 个因果表达 | □ | | 数据 | 每句至少 1 个数字,且带单位或百分比,时间范围写清 | □ | | 语法 | 时态统一;rise / raise 不混;by 与 to 不混 | □ | | 长度 | 每句 ≤ 20 词,全段 80—110 词;口述 60 秒 | □ | | 存档 | 存为 Day03_图表五句.md,图上 5 个标记一并保留 | □ | ## 八、明日预告 Day 4 写 3 分钟陈述稿,约 380 词,必须标出六个部分:开场立场、理由一、例证、理由二、让步反驳、结论。今天这五句图表描述就是例证段的现成材料——把数字放进去,理由段才站得住。明天带一张 A4 纸,横着画六栏,先把骨架填满再写句子。