# 英语中级 · 第 8 周 Day 2|比较精度与倍数 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 昨天你练的是「听懂结构」,今天练「说得准确」。比较句是中级最容易被判为「不地道」的地方:语法没错,但 very better、more cheaper、three times as expensive than 这类说法一听就是中式英语。今天不讲新语法,只做两件事——把比较的四道精度关口过一遍,然后用 10 句翻译和 5 句改错把它们压成条件反射。因果只在改错里做方向辨认,完整的因果链留到 Day 4 写稿时展开。今天结束时你会拿到 15 道题的批改记录,错 ≤ 2 才算过关。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 规则回炉 | 8 min | 只看第三部分的五条规则,把「修饰比较级可用词」和「倍数三种写法」各抄一遍 | 1 页规则卡 | | 翻译 10 句 | 22 min | 限时完成,不查词典、不改第二遍。遇到不会的词就换一种说法 | 10 句英文 | | 改错 5 句 | 10 min | 每句只改一处错误,改完在旁边写错因(修饰语 / 倍数 / 方向 / 介词) | 5 句 + 错因 | | 对照批改 | 6 min | 对答案,把错题重抄一遍,只抄正确句,不抄错句 | 错题本 1 页 | | 口头造句 | 4 min | 用今天的 4 个比较句、2 个因果句,口头描述你手上的一个工作数字,录音 60—90 秒 | 口头录音 | 限时的意义:真实说话时没人给你查词的时间。今天宁可写得朴素,也不要为了用高级词而停下来。写不出来的表达,先用简单句绕过去,批改时再回头补。另外,翻译时先定「谁跟谁比」,再选结构。中文喜欢省略主语,英文的比较句一旦省了比较对象,就会变成「拿销售额和欧洲比」这类错句。落笔前问自己三个问题:比的是什么、比的是同一类东西吗、差多少。 ## 二、核心词汇与搭配 这十个词是「比较 + 幅度」这条线的高频件。注意它们的词性:有的只能修饰比较级,有的本身就是形容词。 | 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句(含翻译) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | comparable | /ˈkɒmpərəbl/(≈科姆珀若布尔) | adj. | 可比的、相当的 | comparable to;comparable figures | Salaries here are **comparable to** those in the capital.(这里的薪资与首都相当。) | | substantially | /səbˈstænʃəli/(≈瑟布斯坦谢利) | adv. | 大幅度地 | rise substantially;substantially higher | Waiting times fell **substantially** after the change.(改革后等待时间大幅缩短。) | | considerably | /kənˈsɪdərəbli/(≈克恩西德若布利) | adv. | 相当大地 | considerably cheaper;vary considerably | The new model is **considerably** lighter.(新型号轻得多。) | | marginal | /ˈmɑːdʒɪnl/(≈马知恩尔) | adj. | 微小的;边缘的 | a marginal gain;marginal cost | The improvement was **marginal**, under two percent.(改善很小,不到百分之二。) | | marginally | /ˈmɑːdʒɪnəli/(≈马知讷利) | adv. | 略微 | marginally better;marginally higher | Output was **marginally** higher in June.(六月的产量略高。) | | outweigh | /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/(≈奥特韦) | v. | 大于、胜过 | outweigh the risks;far outweigh | The savings **outweigh** the setup cost.(节省的费用超过搭建成本。) | | double | /ˈdʌbl/(≈达布尔·短) | v. / adj. | 翻倍;两倍的 | double in size;double the number | Traffic **doubled** in three years.(流量三年翻了一倍。) | | proportion | /prəˈpɔːʃn/(≈普若保希恩) | n. | 比例、部分 | a large proportion of;in proportion to | A growing **proportion** of staff work remotely.(越来越大比例的员工远程办公。) | | remain | /rɪˈmeɪn/(≈里梅恩·短) | v. | 保持、仍然是 | remain stable;remain unchanged | Prices **remained** flat all year.(价格全年持平。) | | roughly | /ˈrʌfli/(≈拉夫利·短) | adv. | 大约 | roughly equal;roughly a third | The two groups were **roughly** equal in size.(两组规模大致相当。) | 其中有四组容易混:comparable 是「可比、相当」,不是「可以比较一下」;substantially 与 considerably 都表示「大」,但前者更常跟数据;marginal 是形容词,marginally 是副词,别混用;double 作动词时后面直接接宾语,不说 double of。 ## 三、语法点:比较的四道精度关口 比较句的错,很少错在「比较级怎么变」,多半错在「比较到什么程度、跟谁比、比几倍」。今天只处理这四件事。 **五条规则** 1. **修饰比较级只用程度副词。** much / far / a lot / considerably / substantially / slightly / a bit / marginally 可以,very / quite / rather 不行。very 修饰原级(very good),不修饰比较级。 2. **同级用 as … as,否定用 not as … as。** not as … as 等于「不如」,语气比 not 加比较级委婉。not so … as 更书面,口语少用。 3. **倍数词放最前面,且只有三种结构。** twice as many as(可数)、three times as much as(不可数)、three times the price of(名词)。不用 three times more than 这种歧义写法。 4. **比较对象必须对等。** 比的是同一类东西:Sales in Asia are higher than **those** in Europe,不能写成 than Europe;The cost of the new plant is twice **that** of the old one。 5. **the more … the more 两边都是完整从句。** The more we automate, the fewer errors we make. 不倒装、不省略主语。要表达「收益大于风险」用 outweigh,不写 are more than。 **正误对比** | 错误 | 正确 | 说明 | | --- | --- | --- | | This version is very better. | This version is **much better**. | very 只能修饰原级;比较级用 much / far | | The new line is three times as expensive than the old one. | The new line is **three times as expensive as** the old one. | 倍数 + as … as,前后都必须是 as | | Sales in Asia are higher than Europe. | Sales in Asia are higher than **those in** Europe. | 比的是销售额,不是欧洲 | | The more we automate, the errors are fewer. | The more we automate, **the fewer errors we make**. | 后半句用正常语序,不倒装 | | The benefits are more than the risks. | The benefits **outweigh** the risks. | 固定动词,比 be more than 自然 | **三个常见错误** - **双重比较**:more cheaper、more easier。要么加 -er,要么用 more,不能同时用。 - **幅度词位置错**:写成 a substantially higher cost 可以,但 substantially a higher cost 不行;副词要贴着比较级。 - **倍数与百分比混用**:增长 20% 是 rose by 20%,翻倍是 doubled。doubled by 20% 是错的。 **什么时候不该用比较级** 比较级用得准,也包括知道什么时候不用。三种情况要换说法:一是三个以上对象里挑最高,用 the highest / the largest,不用 higher;二是差距不到百分之五,用 marginal 或 marginally,别用 substantially 夸大,写报告时这种夸大最容易被同事质疑;三是想表达「差不多」而不是「更强」,用 comparable to 或 roughly the same as,硬套比较级反而失真。这三种判断在 Day 3 描述图表时会天天遇到。 ## 四、句型与范例 十句,前六句是比较,后四句是因果。今天翻译题的答案基本都落在这个表里,先看再做题。 | 功能 | 句型 | 例句 | 中文 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 明显更好 | be far / much + 比较级 + than | The new process is far faster than the old one. | 新流程比旧流程快得多。 | | 略好 | be slightly / marginally + 比较级 | Margins were slightly better this quarter. | 本季度利润率略好一些。 | | 不如 | not as + 形容词 + as | The branch is not as profitable as head office. | 分公司不如总部赚钱。 | | 两倍 | twice as many / much + as | We now handle twice as many orders as last year. | 我们现在处理的订单是去年的两倍。 | | 三倍价格 | 倍数 + the price / cost of | The upgrade cost three times the price of the original unit. | 升级费用是最初设备价格的三倍。 | | 递进 | The more …, the fewer / less … | The more we standardise, the fewer errors we make. | 标准化程度越高,出错越少。 | | 导致 | result in + 结果 | The delay resulted in a two-day shutdown. | 这次延误导致停工两天。 | | 源于 | stem from + 原因 | The complaints stem from unclear pricing. | 投诉源于定价不清。 | | 占比 | account for + 比例 | Exports account for a third of revenue. | 出口占收入的三分之一。 | | 因为(名词) | be due to + 名词 | The shortfall was due to a supplier error. | 缺口是供应商失误造成的。 | 注意最后一组的差别:result in 后面是结果,result from 后面是原因,stem from 后面也是原因,但语气更强调「根源」。这三者方向错了,句子意思会整个反过来。 再补一句关于语域的:比较句在口语里可以很松(This one's way better),但在邮件和报告里要收住。way better、a ton cheaper 这类说法适合聊天,写进周报会显得随意;反过来,considerably、marginally 这类词在口语里说出来又太书面。今天做翻译题按书面标准写,做口头造句时允许用 much、a bit 这种轻一点的表达。 ## 五、练习 **A 翻译(10 题)** 把下面十句译成英文,每题必须用上括号里的结构。 1. 今年的成本比去年低得多。(much + 比较级) 2. 新办公室没有旧的大。(not as … as) 3. 远程员工的数量是办公室员工的两倍。(twice as many as) 4. 这台机器的价格是老款的三倍。(倍数 + the price of) 5. 我们自动化程度越高,出错就越少。(the more … the fewer) 6. 长期看,收益大于风险。(outweigh) 7. 这次延误是供应商失误造成的。(be due to) 8. 这次停机导致了两小时的延误。(result in) 9. 多数投诉源于定价不清。(stem from) 10. 出口占我们收入的三成。(account for) **B 改错(5 题)** 每句只有一处错,改后写出错因。 1. This year's results are very better than last year's. 2. The new system is more cheaper and more faster to use. 3. The plant is three times as expensive than the old one. 4. The two-hour delay resulted in a supplier error. 5. Because of the demand fell, we cut output by ten percent. **C 输出(1 题)** 用 60—90 秒口头描述你工作上或生活里的一个数字变化(比如部门人数、通勤时间、每月支出)。要求:至少 4 个比较句(含 1 个倍数或 the more … the more)、2 个因果句(result in / stem from / due to 任选),录音后回听一遍。 ## 六、参考答案 **A** 1. Costs this year are **much lower than** last year.(much 修饰比较级,不能换成 very) 2. The new office is **not as big as** the old one.(not as … as,形容词用原级) 3. We have **twice as many** remote staff **as** office staff.(可数名词用 many;第二个 as 不能省) 4. This machine costs **three times the price of** the old model.(倍数 + the price of,不用 than) 5. **The more** we automate, **the fewer** errors we make.(后半句用正常语序,errors 前是 the fewer) 6. In the long run, the benefits **outweigh** the risks.(outweigh 是及物动词,不加 than) 7. The delay **was due to** a supplier error.(due to 后接名词,不接从句;要接从句用 because) 8. The outage **resulted in** a two-hour delay.(result in + 结果) 9. Most complaints **stem from** unclear pricing.(stem from + 原因,介词固定) 10. Exports **account for** thirty percent of our revenue.(account for + 比例) **B** 1. very better → **much better**。very 只修饰原级。 2. more cheaper and more faster → **cheaper and faster**。短形容词加 -er,不再加 more。 3. as expensive than → **as expensive as**。倍数结构是 as … as,不是 as … than。 4. resulted in → **resulted from**。供应商失误是原因,不是结果,方向反了。 5. Because of the demand fell → **Because demand fell** 或 **Because of the fall in demand**。because of 后接名词,不能接完整从句。 **C 评分要点** 四项各占一档:比较句数量够不够四句、有没有一句是倍数或递进结构、因果句方向对不对、有没有把「我觉得」说成「数据显示」。内容真实即可,不要求和范文一致。示例开头可以用:Our team has grown twice as fast as the rest of the department, mainly because two projects were merged in April. ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 检查项 | 标准 | 完成 | | --- | --- | --- | | 题量 | 翻译 10 句 + 改错 5 句,全部动笔,不留空 | □ | | 正确率 | 15 题错 ≤ 2 题;错题必须写错因,不能只抄答案 | □ | | 用时 | 从规则回炉到批改完成控制在 50 分钟以内 | □ | | 口头 | 60—90 秒录音,含 ≥ 4 个比较句、≥ 2 个因果句 | □ | | 存档 | 存为 Day02_十五题.md,错题单独一栏 | □ | ## 八、明日预告 Day 3 换到图表:用 5 句英文描述一张真实图表,要求趋势清楚、有两个对比点。今天的比较句会在那里派上用场——图表描述里最常用的就是「A 是 B 的两倍」「增幅比去年小」这一类句子。明天带一张你这周能拿到的图(年报、周报、新闻里的图都行),不要用编造的数据。