# 英语中级 · 第 7 周 Day 2｜让步句式互换改写

> 系列：语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习｜AI生成｜2026-10-27｜codebuddy

**今天学什么**

今天只解决一件事：同一个让步意思，用从句写和用介词短语写，什么时候该换。中文一个「虽然」，英文有两套结构，选错不是语法错，就是节奏错。今天做十句改写：六句在练习里成对互换，四句从昨天的访谈记录里自造，最后归档成一张对照表。学完你能在句首、句中自由切换，也不会再写出 Despite the weather was bad 这样的句子。这十句是 Day 4 评论里让步段的原材料。

## 一、今日任务

| 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. 规则默写 | 8 min | 不看资料，手写四种结构：从句类、介词类、倒装类、口语类，各配一个自己的例子 | 4 行规则 + 4 例 |
| 2. 六句互换 | 15 min | 做练习 B 的六题，每题写两版，中间空一行，方便对照 | 6 组句子 |
| 3. 四句自造 | 12 min | 从 Day 1 的三条追问记录里挑四个意思，每个意思写 although 版与 despite 版各一句 | 4 组句子 |
| 4. 朗读对比 | 8 min | 每对读两遍，标出哪一版更短、更有力；记录至少两处「换结构后语气变了」 | 2 条观察 |
| 5. 归档 | 7 min | 把十组句子整理进一个表格，三列：从句版、介词版、我的选择及理由 | Day02_让步改写10句.md |

总时长 50 分钟，与本周计划一致。今天的重点是「换」，不是「造」。很多人能写对单句，一到改写就卡住，原因是脑子里只有一条路：先想中文，再逐词翻译。改写训练逼你走另一条路——先确定让步的内容是「一个状态」还是「一个动作」，状态多用形容词或名词，动作多用动名词，结构自然就出来了。

判断用哪一版，给三个实用标准。第一，句子已经很长，用 despite 加名词能省六到八个词。第二，让步内容是一个完整的小故事（有人做了什么、发生了什么），用 although 更自然，因为压缩成名词会丢信息。第三，需要强调对比时，把让步放句首；需要轻描淡写时，把 despite 短语放到句末。

朗读对比这一步不要省。写出来一样长的两个句子，读起来轻重完全不同：从句版通常更慢、更郑重，介词版更快、更像顺带一提。你以后在录音里选哪版，靠的就是这个感觉。

## 二、核心词汇与搭配

| 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| concede | /kənˈsiːd/（≈克恩西德） | v. | 承认（常不情愿） | concede that…；concede a point | He concedes that the plan costs more than promised. 他承认这个计划比承诺的花钱多。 |
| objection | /əbˈdʒekʃn/（≈厄布哲克希恩） | n. | 反对意见 | raise an objection；a valid objection | The strongest objection is about cost. 最有力的反对意见是关于成本的。 |
| valid | /ˈvælɪd/（≈怀利德·短） | adj. | 有根据的，站得住的 | a valid point；a valid argument | That is a valid point, and I accept it. 这个意见站得住，我接受。 |
| dismiss | /dɪsˈmɪs/（≈迪斯米斯） | v. | 不予考虑，驳回 | dismiss sth as…；dismiss an idea | She dismisses the idea as unrealistic. 她认为这个想法不现实，不予考虑。 |
| plausible | /ˈplɔːzəbl/（≈普劳泽布尔） | adj. | 看似合理的 | a plausible explanation；sound plausible | It sounds plausible, but there is no evidence. 听起来合理，但没有证据。 |
| assumption | /əˈsʌmpʃn/（≈厄萨姆普希恩） | n. | 假设 | rest on an assumption；challenge an assumption | The argument rests on a shaky assumption. 这个论证建立在一个不牢靠的假设上。 |
| grounds | /ɡraʊndz/（≈格劳恩德兹） | n. | 依据，理由 | grounds for concern；on what grounds | There are good grounds for doubt. 有充分理由怀疑。 |
| granted | /ˈɡrɑːntɪd/（≈格兰提德） | adv. | 诚然，就算 | Granted, it is cheap…；granted that… | Granted, the app is cheap, but it saves little time. 诚然这个应用便宜，但省不了多少时间。 |

这八个词今天至少要主动用出四个：concede、valid、plausible、granted。它们的共同点是「先给对方面子」，正好是让步句的语气基础。concede 后面必须接从句；valid 常修饰 point、objection、argument 三个名词；plausible 是「听着有道理」，不等于「正确」，用的时候别写成 plausible correct；granted 放句首时后面用逗号，表示「我承认这一点，但下面才是重点」。

dismiss 和 concede 是一对反义动作：concede 是接住对方的点，dismiss 是把它推开。写评论时，先 concede 再 dismiss，比直接 dismiss 显得稳。grounds 几乎只用于抽象场合，比如 grounds for complaint，不说 grounds of complaint。

## 三、语法/语篇/语音点

**让步的四种结构：从句、介词、倒装、口语**

| 规则 | 说明 | 例子 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. 从句类接完整句子 | although / though / even though / while 后面必须有主语和谓语 | **Although** the plan is expensive, it saves time. |
| 2. 介词类接名词或动名词 | despite / in spite of 后面不能出现主语加谓语 | **Despite** the delay, we delivered on budget. |
| 3. 倒装让步表强烈 | 形容词或名词 + as + 主语 + 动词，语气比 although 重 | **Hard as it is** to accept, the data is clear. |
| 4. 口语轻让步用 granted | 先认一句，再转，语气比 although 松 | **Granted**, the app is cheap, but it saves little time. |
| 5. 从句变名词短语有三种办法 | 删掉主语和 be 保留形容词；动词变动名词；实在不行才用 the fact that | Because it was late → **Despite the lateness** / **Despite being late** |

**正误对比**

| 错误 | 正确 | 说明 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Despite the weather was bad, we went. | **Despite the bad weather**, we went. / **Although the weather was bad**, we went. | despite 后面不能接句子 |
| Although it was late, but we continued. | Although it was late, we continued. | although 与 but 不共存 |
| Even although the data is thin, the trend is clear. | **Even though** the data is thin, the trend is clear. | 没有 even although 这种搭配 |

**三个常见错误**

1. **硬用 the fact that**。Despite the fact that it was late 语法没错，但一句里多出四个词，读起来拖。能压成名词就压，压不动才保留。
2. **while 当「虽然」用过头**。while 更常表对比（While I see your point, the timing is wrong），表让步时语气比 although 轻，正式文件里少用。
3. **倒装句漏掉 as**。Hard as it is to accept 不能写成 Hard although it is to accept，也不能写成 As hard as it is（那是比较，不是让步）。

## 四、句型与范例

| 从句版 | 介词版 | 使用差别 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Although the first month was chaotic, the team adjusted fast. | Despite a chaotic first month, the team adjusted fast. | 介词版更短，适合书面 |
| Even though output rose, sick days barely changed. | Despite the rise in output, sick days barely changed. | 从句版更强调反差 |
| While I accept the cost argument, the timing is still wrong. | — | while 多用于口语让步，介词版不自然 |
| Though the sample is small, the pattern is consistent. | In spite of the small sample, the pattern is consistent. | in spite of 比 despite 更口语 |
| Hard as it is to admit, the trial failed. | — | 倒装只用于强让步，不能换成介词 |

| 句型 | 用法 | 例句 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Admittedly, …, but … | 先认后转，口语最稳 | Admittedly, the app is cheap, but it saves little time. 诚然这个应用便宜，但省不了多少时间。 |
| That is a valid point, but… | 认下对方论点 | That is a valid point, but it does not change the deadline. 这个意见站得住，但改变不了截止日期。 |
| The argument rests on the assumption that… | 指出对方前提 | The argument rests on the assumption that everyone has a quiet room. 这个论证假设每个人家里都有一间安静的房间。 |
| I would not dismiss…, but… | 不粗暴否定 | I would not dismiss the concern, but the numbers do not support it. 我不想否定这个担忧，但数据不支持它。 |
| It sounds plausible until you look at… | 先扬后抑 | It sounds plausible until you look at the cost. 听起来合理，直到你看成本。 |

**示范段落（约 85 词，含三处让步）**

Although remote work saves commuting time, it does not automatically raise output. Granted, most people finish their tasks faster at home, but the gain often comes from skipping breaks, not from better work. The argument for remote work also rests on the assumption that everyone has a quiet room and a reliable connection. That is a valid point in theory, yet in practice many people share a flat with three others.

这段里三处让步各司其职：Although 开头定调，Granted 认下对方最有力的一点，That is a valid point 再认一次然后立刻转。注意每处让步后面都有一句「但是」，没有一句让完就停——这就是本周要防的自我否定。

## 五、练习

**A. 词汇与翻译（8 题）**

1. 他承认成本比承诺的高。（concede）
2. 最有力的反对意见是关于时间的。（objection）
3. 这个论点站得住，我接受。（valid）
4. 她认为这个想法不现实，不予考虑。（dismiss）
5. 这个解释听起来合理，但没有证据。（plausible）
6. 整个论证建立在一个不牢靠的假设上。（assumption）
7. 有充分理由怀疑这些数字。（grounds）
8. 诚然，这方案便宜，但很慢。（granted）

**B. 改写（6 题）**

1—3 把从句版改成介词版；4—6 把介词版改成从句版。改写后意思不能变。

1. Although the team was small, it delivered on time.
2. Even though the budget was cut, the project continued.
3. Though she was tired, she finished the report.
4. Despite the bad weather, the event went ahead.
5. In spite of his lack of experience, he led the meeting well.
6. Despite being under pressure, the team stayed calm.

**C. 输出（1 题）**

从 Day 1 的追问记录里挑四个意思，每个写 although 版与 despite 版各一句，与 B 的六组合并，整理成 Day02_让步改写10句.md。表格三列：从句版、介词版、我的选择及理由（一句中文）。十组句子中至少三组使用倒装或 granted。

## 六、参考答案

**A.**

1. He concedes that the cost was higher than promised.
2. The strongest objection is about time.
3. That is a valid point, and I accept it.
4. She dismisses the idea as unrealistic.
5. The explanation sounds plausible, but there is no evidence.
6. The whole argument rests on a shaky assumption.
7. There are good grounds for doubting these figures.
8. Granted, the plan is cheap, but it is slow.

错题点：第 4 题 dismiss sth as + 形容词是固定搭配，别写 dismiss sth is unrealistic；第 7 题 grounds for doing 用动名词。

**B.**

1. Despite the small team, it delivered on time. / Despite being a small team, it delivered on time.
2. Despite the budget cut, the project continued.
3. Despite her tiredness, she finished the report. / Despite being tired, she finished the report.
4. Although the weather was bad, the event went ahead.
5. Although he lacked experience, he led the meeting well.
6. Although the team was under pressure, it stayed calm.

错题点：第 3 题 tired 是形容词，不能直接跟在 despite 后，要变 tiredness 或 being tired；第 5 题 lack 是名词或动词，改成从句时用 lacked，别写 was lack of experience。

**C. 评分要点**

| 维度 | 分值 | 达标表现 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 十组齐全 | 4 | 六组来自 B，四组来自 Day 1 素材 |
| 结构正确 | 4 | 介词后无从句，从句中无 but |
| 变化度 | 3 | 至少三组用倒装或 granted，且用得自然 |
| 理由具体 | 2 | 不是「更短」，而是说清哪一版更适合口语 / 书面 |
| 朗读观察 | 2 | 写出两处换结构后语气变化的真实感受 |

满分 15 分，12 分算过。常见失分是把 despite 后面写成 despite of，这个错误在口语里也听得出来，今天必须改掉。

## 七、今日输出与自查

| 检查项 | 达标线 | 怎么查 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 句子数量 | 10 组，每组两句 | 数表格行数 |
| 介词后接成分 | 全部为名词或动名词 | 逐句看 despite / in spite of 后面第一个词 |
| 从句完整性 | 全部有主语和谓语 | 逐句数谓语 |
| but 冲突 | 0 处 although…but | 搜索 but，看是否与从句类连用 |
| 倒装或 granted | ≥ 3 组 | 圈出来 |

自查先查第二项。despite 后面只要出现 was / is / has，基本就是错。再查最后一项，倒装句写不出来不要硬凑，宁可三组 granted，也不要写出 Hard although it is 这种句子。

## 八、明日预告

Day 3 回到耳朵和嘴：从 Day 1 那段访谈里截 60 秒「先承认再反驳」的片段，跟读五遍并录音。今天写下的 Admittedly 和 That is a valid point，明天要用正确的语调说出来——承认部分压低，转折词抬高，句尾落下去。带上今天的十组句子，明天读的时候顺便感受一下从句版和介词版在嘴上的差别。