# 英语中级 · 第 7 周 Day 1|听访谈找追问点 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 今天的任务不是听懂访谈的每个词,而是听出主持人怎么问、受访者怎么退。五分钟的访谈里,真正有用的信息往往出现在被追问的那几秒:受访者先承认一点,再往回拉,这就是本周四步结构的真实样本。今天只做输入:两遍听完,标出三个追问点,抄下主持人的原话和受访者的第一句回应。学完你有一份三条记录的素材表,Day 3 的跟读片段和 Day 5 的反驳稿都从这里取料。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 选材与预热 | 8 min | 使用你选定的播客/新闻音频,挑一段 5 分钟左右的访谈(一人问、一人答,最好有文字稿);先看标题,用中文写一句「这个人为什么被采访」 | 一句中文预判 | | 2. 第一遍听骨架 | 12 min | 全程不暂停,只记三样:主持人问的第一个问题、受访者身份、整段结束时他的立场 | 3 行关键词 | | 3. 第二遍标追问 | 20 min | 专门听主持人的话。听到「重复对方用词」「要例子」「要数字」「给反例」四种动作,就在时间点打星,并抄下问句开头五个词 | 星号标记 + 5 个开头词 | | 4. 整理三个追问点 | 12 min | 挑最清楚的三处,每处写三行:主持人问什么、受访者先承认什么、他随后怎么转 | 3 条追问点记录 | | 5. 口头过一遍 | 8 min | 不看稿,用 60 秒说出这三处追问,允许只看关键词 | 60 秒口头版 | 总时长 60 分钟,与本周计划一致。今天的纪律是「只记主持人的话」。多数人听访谈,注意力全在受访者身上,结果只收获观点,学不到结构。追问才是结构发生的地方:主持人一追问,受访者必须先接住,再调整,这一接一调就是让步。标记时不要写完整句子,写时间点加开头五个词就够,写多了会漏掉下一句。 第二遍允许暂停,但每处最多回放一次。回放三次以上说明你在逐词听写,那不是今天的任务。判断一句话是不是追问,有个简单标准:删掉它,受访者后面那段话就不成立了。比如主持人问「这个数字是从哪来的」,受访者接下来说「我们的样本不大,但……」,把问句拿掉,那个「但」就没有着落。 整理三条记录时,第三条可以写得比前两条粗。三处质量不要求一致,重要的是你开始听见「承认」出现的位置——它几乎总在追问之后的第一句,有时前面还带半秒停顿。 ## 二、核心词汇与搭配 | 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | interviewer | /ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/(≈伊恩特夫尤厄尔) | n. | 采访者,主持人 | the interviewer asks;a polite interviewer | The interviewer keeps coming back to the same number. 主持人反复回到同一个数字上。 | | interviewee | /ˌɪntəvjuːˈiː/(≈伊恩特夫尤伊) | n. | 受访者 | a nervous interviewee;the interviewee's answer | The interviewee pauses before she answers. 受访者回答前停了一下。 | | follow-up | /ˈfɒləʊ ʌp/ | n. | 追问;后续问题 | ask a follow-up;a follow-up question | His follow-up question is the one that matters. 他那个追问才是关键。 | | press | /pres/(≈普雷斯) | v. | 追问,施压 | press sb on sth;press for details | The interviewer presses her on the cost. 主持人追问成本问题。 | | concede | /kənˈsiːd/(≈克恩西德) | v. | 承认(常不情愿) | concede that…;concede a point | She concedes that the first version was too slow. 她承认第一版太慢。 | | push back | /pʊʃ bæk/ | phr. v. | 反驳,顶回去 | push back on sth;push back gently | He pushes back on the idea that speed is everything. 他反驳「速度就是一切」这个说法。 | | deflect | /dɪˈflekt/(≈迪夫莱克特) | v. | 转移(话题) | deflect the question;deflect criticism | She deflects the question with a joke. 她用一句玩笑把问题带过去。 | | clarify | /ˈklærəfaɪ/(≈克莱若法) | v. | 澄清,说明 | clarify what you mean;clarify a point | Let me clarify what I meant by "cheap". 我来说明我说的「便宜」是什么意思。 | | on the spot | /ɒn ðə spɒt/ | phr. | 当场,即席 | put sb on the spot;answer on the spot | The question puts him on the spot. 这个问题让他当场难住。 | | pause | /pɔːz/(≈保兹·长) | n./v. | 停顿 | a short pause;pause before answering | A short pause often comes before a concession. 让步之前常有短暂停顿。 | 今天必须主动用出来的是 follow-up、press、concede、push back、clarify 五个,其余是听材料时的路标词。记的时候不要单独记 concede,记 concede that 加一个完整句子,因为这个词的用法难点不在意思,在后面必须接一个「我本来不想承认」的从句。push back 要记 push back on,介词错了整句就别扭。 另外两个词值得单独说。deflect 是「答非所问」的书面说法,你听访谈时如果发现受访者答得很长却没回答问题,那就是 deflect,记下来,它是你判断追问点的第二条线索。on the spot 常和 put 连用,表示被问得当场没法准备,这个短语在复盘自己的录音时也用得上。 ## 三、语法/语篇/语音点 **追问句的两种语序:直接问与间接问** | 规则 | 说明 | 例子 | | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 直接追问用疑问语序 | 助动词提到主语前,适合熟人、快节奏 | **Why do you say that?** / **What's that based on?** | | 2. 委婉追问用陈述语序 | 问句嵌进 Could you… / I wonder… 之后,从句不倒装 | Could you say more about **why you think** that? | | 3. 三招最常用 | 重复关键词确认、要来源、给反例 | So you're saying the delay **cost** money? / Where does that figure come from? / But what about smaller firms? | | 4. 受访者接追问的三句起手 | 先接住,再转,不硬顶 | **Admittedly**, … / **I take your point**, but … / **That's fair**. The reason is … | | 5. 不同意也不说 you are wrong | 用第一人称软化 | **I'd push back on that.** / **I'm not sure that follows.** | **正误对比** | 错误 | 正确 | 说明 | | --- | --- | --- | | Could you explain why did you choose this method? | Could you explain **why you chose** this method? | 从句里不能再用疑问语序 | | He asked me what did I mean. | He asked me **what I meant**. | 转述问句不倒装,时态后退 | | So you're saying that costs are rise? | So you're saying that costs **are rising**? | be 动词后不能接原形 | **三个常见错误** 1. **间接问句里保留 do / did**。这是中级最顽固的错误,因为直接问说顺了口。检验办法:把从句单独读一遍,如果能成立(why you chose it),语序就是对的。 2. **追问只会说 Why?**。单独一个 Why 在英文里带审问味,尤其在录音里显得咄咄逼人。换成 What makes you say that? 或 Can you give me an example? 语气立刻不同。 3. **follow-up 当动词用**。名词写 follow-up,动词分开写 follow up,比如 I'll follow up by email。写错不影响理解,但会影响你在正式场合的可信度。 ## 四、句型与范例 | 句型 | 用法 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | | The interviewer starts by asking… | 交代第一问 | The interviewer starts by asking why the company tried a four-day week. 主持人一上来就问,公司为什么试行四天工作制。 | | Then she presses him on… | 指出追问方向 | Then she presses him on how they measured output. 接着她追问他们怎么衡量产出。 | | He concedes that…, but adds that… | 记录一次完整让步 | He concedes that the first month was chaotic, but adds that the team adjusted fast. 他承认第一个月很乱,但补充说团队适应得很快。 | | What makes you say that? | 追问依据 | What makes you say that the change paid off? 你凭什么说这个改变划算? | | So you're saying…? | 复述确认 | So you're saying people worked fewer hours but finished the same work? 所以你的意思是,工时少了,活还是一样多? | | I'd push back on that. | 温和反驳 | I'd push back on that. Not every team can compress five days into four. 这点我不太同意,不是每个团队都能把五天压成四天。 | | He dodges the question about… | 记录回避 | He dodges the question about pay. 他对薪酬那个问题避而不答。 | | The key moment is when… | 收尾点出价值 | The key moment is when she asks for the actual numbers. 最关键的一刻是她要具体数字的时候。 | **示范对话(访谈节选,12 行)** A: You tested a four-day week for six months. What changed? B: The short answer is that people got better at saying no to meetings. A: So you're saying the work itself didn't shrink? B: Admittedly, the workload stayed the same. But we cut about a third of the internal meetings. A: What makes you say the change paid off? B: Output per person rose slightly, and sick days fell by half. A: That's fair, but those numbers are small. Could you say more about how you measured output? B: We used the same monthly targets as before, so the comparison is fairly clean. A: I'd push back on one thing. Your team is mostly engineers. What about sales? B: That's a valid objection. Sales was harder, and we kept five days there. 这段对话里有三次完整让步,值得抄进语料本:第一次用 Admittedly 起头,第二次用 That's fair, but,第三次用 That's a valid objection 直接认下对方的问题。注意主持人从不评价对错,只做三件事:复述、要证据、给反例。今天你记录的就是这三件事出现在哪。 ## 五、练习 **A. 词汇与翻译(8 题)** 用括号里的词把中文译成英文。 1. 主持人追问她成本问题。(press) 2. 他承认第一个月很混乱。(concede) 3. 她用一个玩笑把问题带过去。(deflect) 4. 那个追问才是关键。(follow-up) 5. 你能说明一下你说的「效率」是什么意思吗?(clarify) 6. 这个问题让他当场很难堪。(on the spot) 7. 他温和地反驳了「远程办公一定更快」这个说法。(push back) 8. 回答之前她停了一下。(pause) **B. 间接问句改写(6 题)** 把直接问句改成以 Could you… 或 He asked… 开头的句子。 1. Why did the team stop the trial? 2. How do you measure productivity? 3. What does "output" mean in your data? 4. When will the results be published? 5. Is the sample big enough? 6. Why are sales teams different? **C. 输出(1 题)** 建一个文件 Day01_追问点记录.md,写三条记录,每条三行:主持人问什么(中文)、受访者先承认什么(英文一句)、他随后怎么转(英文一句)。三条合计 90—120 词英文。写完不看稿说 60 秒,录音存为 Day01_口头追问.m4a。 ## 六、参考答案 **A.** 1. The interviewer presses her on the cost. 2. He concedes that the first month was chaotic. 3. She deflects the question with a joke. 4. That follow-up is the one that matters. 5. Could you clarify what you mean by "efficiency"? 6. The question puts him on the spot. 7. He pushes back gently on the idea that remote work is always faster. 8. She pauses before she answers. 错题点:第 2 题 concede 后接 that 从句,不要写 concedes the first month chaotic;第 4 题 follow-up 是名词,别加 the one that matters 之外的谓语;第 7 题 push back on 的 on 不能省。 **B.** 1. Could you explain why the team stopped the trial? 2. Could you say more about how you measure productivity? 3. Could you clarify what "output" means in your data? 4. He asked when the results would be published. 5. He asked whether the sample was big enough. 6. Could you explain why sales teams are different? 错题点:第 1、2、6 题从句一律陈述语序,去掉 did / do;第 4 题时态后退 will→would;第 5 题一般疑问句转述用 whether / if,不用 that。 **C. 评分要点** | 维度 | 分值 | 达标表现 | | --- | --- | --- | | 三个追问点是否成立 | 5 | 每条都能说出「删掉它,后面的话就不成立」 | | 承认句是否用了本周词 | 4 | 至少两条用 concede / admittedly / take your point | | 转折是否具体 | 3 | 不是 but it depends,而是给出一个方向 | | 口头版 | 3 | 60 秒内说完三条,卡顿 ≤ 3 次 | 满分 15 分,12 分算过。若三个点里有两条其实只是「换话题」而不是追问,回去听主持人的第二个问题,追问通常紧跟在一个模糊回答之后。 ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 检查项 | 达标线 | 怎么查 | | --- | --- | --- | | 记录文件 | Day01_追问点记录.md,3 条,每条 3 行 | 数行数,多出来的删掉 | | 英文量 | 90—120 词 | 只数英文,不含中文说明 | | 追问点质量 | 3 条都能指出主持人用了哪一招 | 在每条后面标「复述 / 要证据 / 给反例」 | | 口语版 | 60 秒,三条不漏 | 回听,超过 75 秒就砍细节 | | 听力纪律 | 第二遍每处回放 ≤ 1 次 | 凭记忆在笔记末尾写下回放次数 | ## 八、明日预告 Day 2 从听转到写:把 although / though / even though / while 与 despite / in spite of 做十句互换。今天记下的三处追问,明天会变成你改写句子的素材——比如「虽然他承认第一个月很乱」这一句,用 Although 和 Despite 各写一遍,长度和语气都不一样。明天带上今天的三条记录,不要另找材料。