# 英语中级 · 第 6 周 Day 2|连接词六类归档 > 系列:语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习|AI生成|2026-10-27|codebuddy **今天学什么** 今天把耳朵换成眼睛:打开昨天那集播客的文字稿,从头到尾把连接表达找出来,按功能归档。为什么要归档,而不是背一张字母表?因为连接词用错,九成不是不认识,是不知道它属于哪一类、该放在句子的哪个位置。你背了 however,写作时却写成 "It was cheap, however it broke",问题不在词义,在标点和句法。今天做完一张至少 12 个词的六类表,你会第一次看清:说话人不是随意加词,他每加一个词,都在告诉听众「接下来这句和前一句是什么关系」。这张表是本周剩下五天的弹药库。 ## 一、今日任务 | 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1. 通读标划 | 12 min | 打开文字稿,从头读到尾,把所有起连接作用的词和短语圈出来,先不分类,见一个圈一个 | 标划过的文本 | | 2. 按功能归类 | 15 min | 把圈出的词填进六类:添加、对比、转折让步、因果、举例、限定、总结(总结可并入限定后的第七栏,按六类主表处理) | 六类草表 | | 3. 补足与替换 | 10 min | 每类补到 2 个以上本周没出现的同功能表达,凑满 12 个;给每个词写半句上下文 | 连接词表(≥ 12) | | 4. 位置与标点核对 | 8 min | 逐条检查:这个词能不能放句首?后面要不要逗号?后面接句子还是名词? | 批注版词表 | | 5. 造句验收 | 5 min | 挑 6 个不同类的词,写 5 句连贯的话,读一遍听逻辑是否顺 | 5 句 | 总时长 50 分钟,与计划一致。**先圈后分类**,顺序不能反。如果一边读一边想「这是对比还是让步」,你会停在每个词上,读不完两段就烦了。先让手快过脑,圈完再回头看,分类速度反而快。 归档时给自己定一条硬规则:**一个词只进一类**。however 进对比,that said 进转折让步,不要两个都写。真实语篇里它们确实有重叠,但学习阶段必须做一次强制区分,否则你永远分不清什么时候该轻、什么时候该重。等这一周过完,你自然会发现边界在哪。 第三个环节最重要,也最容易被跳过。只从一篇文章里抄出来的词表,是「这篇文章的词表」,不是「你的词表」。每类补一个同功能表达,你才是在建系统。补的时候优先补口语能用的,比如对比类除了 however 补 on the other hand,转折让步类除了 that said 补 even so。 ## 二、核心词汇与搭配 | 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | contrast | /ˈkɒntrɑːst/(≈科恩特拉斯特) | n./v. | 对比;形成对照 | in contrast to;contrast A with B | In contrast to last year, sales are flat. 与去年相比,销售持平。 | | addition | /əˈdɪʃn/(≈厄迪希恩) | n. | 添加 | in addition to;a useful addition | In addition to the fee, you pay for delivery. 除了费用,你还要付配送费。 | | concession | /kənˈseʃn/(≈克恩塞希恩) | n. | 让步 | make a concession;a small concession | The deal only works if both sides make concessions. 只有双方都让步,协议才成立。 | | consequence | /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/(≈科恩西克沃恩斯) | n. | 结果;后果 | as a consequence;a direct consequence of | As a consequence, the deadline moved. 结果,截止日期推迟了。 | | instance | /ˈɪnstəns/(≈伊恩斯特恩斯) | n. | 实例 | for instance;in this instance | For instance, the 2019 case was handled badly. 例如,2019 年那件事处理得很糟。 | | qualification | /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/(≈克沃利菲凯希恩) | n. | 限定;保留意见 | with one qualification;a minor qualification | I agree, with one qualification. 我同意,但有一点保留。 | | summary | /ˈsʌməri/(≈萨默里) | n. | 总结 | in summary;a short summary | In summary, the trend is upward. 总之,趋势向上。 | | signpost | /ˈsaɪnpəʊst/(≈赛恩波斯特) | n./v. | 路标;标示结构 | signpost the argument;clear signposting | Good speakers signpost every turn. 好的说话人每个转折都给出信号。 | | register | /ˈredʒɪstə/(≈雷知斯特) | n. | 语域(正式程度) | formal register;match the register | Admittedly raises the register a little. admittedly 会让语域稍正式。 | | clause | /klɔːz/(≈克劳兹·长) | n. | 分句 | a main clause;join two clauses | Whereas joins two clauses in one sentence. whereas 在一个句子里连接两个分句。 | 这十个词是「谈语篇」的工具词,不是用来炫耀的难词。contrast、addition、concession、consequence、instance、summary 这六个,正好对应六类功能的名字;你以后查词典、看语法书,看到这些标签就知道在讲什么。signpost 和 register 是今天最值得带走的两块:前者告诉你连接词的功能是「给结构打信号」,后者提醒你同一个功能有轻重之分,that said 比 however 轻,admittedly 比 of course 正式。 ## 三、语法/语篇/语音点 **连接词的位置与标点:三种词,三种用法** 连接表达不是一类东西。按句法行为分三层,用错层,句子就散。 | 层级 | 代表 | 怎么接 | 位置 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 并列连词 | but、so、yet、for | 直接连接两个独立分句,前面加逗号 | 只能在中间 | | 从属连词 | whereas、although、because、while | 引导从句,可前可后 | 句首或句中 | | 连接副词/短语 | however、therefore、that said、overall | 不连接句子,只是副词;必须靠句号或分号断开 | 句首、句中、句尾 | **五条规则** 1. **连接副词不能当连词用**。however、therefore、consequently 前面必须是句号或分号,不能只用一个逗号。这是中文母语者最高频的标点错误,因为中文「但是」就是一个逗号接下去。 2. **whereas 必须待在一个句子里**,连接两个分句,中间用逗号。它可以放句首(Whereas sales rose, costs fell.),但不能单独成句,也不能像 however 那样后面直接断句。 3. **in terms of 后面只接名词或动名词**,不接完整句子。要接句子就换 as for 之外的说法,比如 when it comes to + 名词/动名词,或者直接用 in terms of 加名词短语。 4. **as for 后面接名词**,带一点「至于这个,另说」的意味;正式文件里要接从句时用 as to whether / as to how。 5. **连接词不叠用**。but however、although but、so therefore 都是错的,一个关系只需要一个标记。 **正误对比** | 错误 | 正确 | 说明 | | --- | --- | --- | | The plan was cheap, however it was slow. | The plan was cheap. **However**, it was slow. / The plan was cheap; **however**, it was slow. | 逗号粘连,两个独立分句不能用逗号直接连 | | Whereas the price went up. | Prices went up, **whereas** wages stayed flat. | whereas 是连词,必须有两个分句 | | In terms of we save money, this works. | **In terms of** cost, this works. / **When it comes to** saving money, this works. | in terms of 后接名词 | | But however, the data is thin. | **However**, the data is thin. | 连接词不叠用 | | As for whether we should cut the budget, … | **As to whether** we should cut the budget, … | as for 后接名词,从句用 as to | **三个常见错误** 1. **把 however 当 but 用**,整篇文章逗号粘连。改法只有两个:断句,或者改分号。写完通读一遍,凡是「逗号 + however」的地方都停下来看。 2. **whereas 单独开头成句**。看到自己写出 "Whereas A. B." 这种结构,就是把它当成了 however。记住 whereas 的中文是「而」,它需要前后各一半。 3. **连接词密度过高**。一段五句话塞六个连接词,读者会觉得你在硬撑逻辑。真实语篇里,很多关系靠语序和重复就能表达,连接词只在「关系不明显」时才需要出现。 ## 四、句型与范例 | 句型 | 功能 | 例句 | | --- | --- | --- | | In addition to + 名词, … | 添加(正式) | In addition to the delay, the report was incomplete. 除了延期,报告也不完整。 | | What's more, … | 添加(口语自然) | What's more, nobody checked the figures. 而且,没人核对过数字。 | | Prices rose in Asia, whereas they fell in Europe. | 对比(一句内) | Costs fell in Asia, whereas they rose in Europe. 亚洲成本下降,而欧洲上升。 | | On the other hand, … | 对比(另一面) | On the other hand, the staff are better trained. 另一方面,员工受训更好。 | | That said, … | 转折让步(轻) | That said, the cost is still a problem. 话虽如此,成本仍是问题。 | | Admittedly, … | 转折让步(先承认) | Admittedly, the sample was small. 不可否认,样本很小。 | | As a result, … | 因果 | As a result, two orders were cancelled. 结果,两笔订单被取消。 | | For instance, … | 举例 | For instance, the 2024 pilot cut waiting times by half. 例如,2024 年的试点把等待时间减半。 | | In terms of + 名词, … | 限定范围 | In terms of speed, this option wins. 在速度方面,这个方案胜出。 | | Overall, … | 总结(口语收尾最自然) | Overall, the results are encouraging. 总体来看,结果令人鼓舞。 | 把这十个句型按顺序读一遍,你会发现它们正好覆盖六类功能。做词表时不要只抄左边这一列,把右边例句一起抄,句子才是能直接搬走的东西。 **示范段落(六类各出现一次,约 95 词)** The pilot scheme cut waiting times by half. In addition, patient complaints fell sharply. That said, the sample was small, and the trial ran for only three months. Admittedly, the early numbers look strong. However, costs per patient rose, whereas staff hours stayed the same. For instance, one clinic hired two extra nurses. In terms of value, the scheme still looks positive. Overall, I would extend it for another year before making it permanent. 这段九句话,六个连接表达,密度大约每 1.5 句一个,读起来不挤。注意 However 前面是句号,whereas 在一个句子中间,For instance 后面紧跟具体例子,Overall 收尾不再引入新信息。 ## 五、练习 **A. 归类与翻译(8 题)** 第一部分:把下列词归入六类(添加/对比/转折让步/因果/举例/限定/总结),一个词只进一类。 1. even so 2. consequently 3. in short 4. a case in point 5. broadly speaking 6. moreover 第二部分:中译英,用括号里的表达。 7. 在成本方面,这个方案更便宜。(in terms of) 8. 至于预算,我们下周再谈。(as for) **B. 标点与改写(6 题)** 判断正误,错的改正;标明错在哪。 1. The team worked late, however the report was still late. 2. Whereas the north is dry, the south gets heavy rain. 3. In terms of we cut costs, the new supplier is better. 4. The data is thin. Nonetheless, the trend is clear. 5. But however, the client agreed. 6. As for whether to expand, we need more data. **C. 输出(2 题)** 1. 制作连接词表:六类,总数 ≥ 12 个,每个词写「功能 + 一个半句上下文(4—8 词)」。存为 Day02_连接词表.md,用表格。 2. 从表里挑 6 个不同类的词,写一段 80—100 词的连贯短评,主题是「这集播客的观点你信不信」,要求同一类不出现两次。 ## 六、参考答案 **A.** 1. even so — 转折让步 2. consequently — 因果 3. in short — 总结 4. a case in point — 举例 5. broadly speaking — 限定 6. moreover — 添加 7. In terms of cost, this option is cheaper. 8. As for the budget, we'll discuss it next week. 错题点:第 1 题 even so 常被误归对比,它的作用是「尽管如此」,前面一定有一个不利事实;第 5 题 broadly speaking 是限定范围,不是总结。 **B.** 1. 错。逗号粘连。改:The team worked late. However, the report was still late. 或 The team worked late; however, the report was still late. 2. 对。whereas 连接两个分句,中间逗号,句首合法。 3. 错。in terms of 后接名词。改:In terms of cost, the new supplier is better. / When it comes to cutting costs, the new supplier is better. 4. 对。句号断开 + 逗号,nonetheless 作连接副词使用正确。 5. 错。连接词叠用。改:However, the client agreed. 或 But the client agreed. 6. 错。as for 后不接 whether 从句。改:As to whether to expand, we need more data. 错题点:第 4 题很多人会以为 nonetheless 后面不能有逗号,其实句首连接副词后面逗号是标准写法,尤其后面跟一个短句时更清楚。 **C. 评分要点** 第 1 题(词表,10 分):六类都有词(4 分);总数 ≥ 12(2 分);每个词有上下文半句,不是光秃秃的词(2 分);分类没有明显错误,比如把 on the contrary 归进对比要扣分(2 分)。 第 2 题(短评,10 分):6 个词来自 6 个不同类(3 分);标点全对,无逗号粘连(3 分);逻辑读得通,不是硬塞(3 分);字数 80—100(1 分)。 ## 七、今日输出与自查 | 检查项 | 达标线 | 怎么查 | | --- | --- | --- | | 词表数量 | ≥ 12 个,六类齐全 | 数行数,看每类是否有 2 个 | | 分类正确 | 错 ≤ 1 个 | 对照计划里的功能表 | | 标点 | 无「逗号 + however」结构 | 搜索 however、therefore、nonetheless | | 上下文 | 每词都有 4—8 词半句 | 抽查 5 行 | | 短评 | 80—100 词,6 类各一次 | 圈出连接词,标类别 | 自查时特别看第三行。打开文档搜索 however,逐个看它前面是句号、分号还是逗号。如果是逗号,而你后面跟的是完整句子,那就必须改。这个动作花两分钟,能消掉你写作里最常见的一类错误。 ## 八、明日预告 Day 3 回到声音:从这集播客里截 90 秒,最好包含一个明显的转折,然后跟读。重点不是读得快,是读对转折处的语调——说话人在 however、that said 之后,声音通常会往下沉,句子收住,给听众一个「这里换方向了」的信号。你今天归档的词,明天要用嘴说出来。