# 英语中级 · 第 4 周 Day 2｜被动改写与名词性从句

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**今天学什么**

今天是本周唯一的「纸面练习日」：先把 15 句主动句改成被动、把 3 句不该用被动的句子挑出来，再把 10 个中文句子翻成带名词性从句的英文。被动解决「焦点放哪」，名词性从句解决「一句话怎么当名词用」，两样合起来，周四的汇报稿才不会写成流水账。做完这一张练习纸，你要能不看笔记说出名词性从句的两条硬规则：语序不倒装、介词后只能用 whether。

## 一、今日任务

| 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 复习 | 8 min | 回看昨天的 10 句被动句，遮住理由，重说一遍为什么用被动；错的做星号 | 10 句口头复述 |
| 被动改写 | 22 min | 做 B1 的 15 句，先判断「该不该改」，再动笔；每句标出原句焦点与新句焦点 | 15 句改写 |
| 名词性从句 | 20 min | 读第三节规则，做 B2 的 10 题；每题圈出从句的边界，检查语序 | 10 题 |
| 输出与记录 | 10 min | 用名词性从句写 8 句项目状态，朗读一遍录 60 秒；把错题按「语序 / 连接词 / 时态」标注 | 8 句 + 60 秒录音 |

## 二、核心词汇与搭配

今天的词全部围绕「转述与判断」：suggest、confirm、realize、announce 后面天然接从句，depend on 后面天然接 whether，记住搭配比记住中文释义有用。

| 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句与翻译 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| suggest | /səˈdʒest/（≈瑟哲斯特·轻） | v. | 建议；表明 | suggest that we postpone | He suggested that we postpone the review. 他建议我们推迟评审。 |
| confirm | /kənˈfɜːm/（≈克恩费姆） | v. | 确认 | confirm whether | Could you confirm whether the room is booked? 你能确认会议室订好了吗？ |
| realize | /ˈrɪəlaɪz/（≈里莱兹） | v. | 意识到 | realize that | I didn't realize that the deadline had moved. 我没意识到截止时间改了。 |
| depend on | /dɪˈpend ɒn/ | phr. | 取决于 | depend on whether | It depends on whether we get approval. 这取决于我们能否拿到批准。 |
| possibility | /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/（≈波瑟比勒提） | n. | 可能性 | the possibility that | There is a possibility that the client asks for changes. 客户有可能要求修改。 |
| assumption | /əˈsʌmpʃn/（≈厄萨姆普希恩） | n. | 假设 | make an assumption | We made an assumption that the data was clean. 我们假设数据是干净的。 |
| doubt | /daʊt/（≈道特） | v. | 怀疑 | doubt whether | I doubt whether we can finish by June. 我怀疑我们六月前完不成。 |
| announce | /əˈnaʊns/（≈厄瑙恩斯·轻） | v. | 宣布 | announce that | They announced that the pilot would start in May. 他们宣布试点五月开始。 |
| priority | /praɪˈɒrəti/（≈普赖奥若提） | n. | 优先事项 | top priority | Our top priority is to fix the login bug. 我们的首要任务是修复登录问题。 |

## 三、语法/语篇/语音点

**名词性从句：一个句子当名词用**

判断方法很简单：把从句整体替换成 something 或 the fact，句子还成立，就是从名词性从句。它在句子里可以当主语、宾语、表语，位置变了，形式不变。

1. **作主语，常用形式主语 it**。That the plan failed surprised everyone. 语法正确，但头重脚轻；日常更常说 It surprised everyone that the plan failed. 写汇报时优先用 it 开头，句子更好读。
2. **作宾语最常见**。I don't know whether the office is open. / We found that two files were missing. 这类从句前的 that 口语里可以省，whether 不能省。
3. **语序必须是陈述句**。从句不是疑问句，不要倒装：主语 + 动词，助动词回到动词前。这是本周最容易被扣分的一条。
4. **介词后、句首只用 whether，不用 if**。It depends on whether we get approval. / Whether we can deliver on time is still unclear. if 只能放在动词后面引导宾语从句。
5. **主句是过去时，从句时态要跟着退**。He said that the report was ready.（报告当时就绪）如果从句说的是普遍事实，则不必退：She explained that water boils at 100°C.

为什么中国学习者总在从句里倒装？因为中文的「我不知道办公室在哪」把疑问词放前面也照样成立，而英语的从句继承了陈述句的骨架，疑问词只是被拉到句首，后面的主谓顺序不能动。记一个动作：写完从句，把疑问词遮住，剩下的部分必须是一个能独立站住的句子。剩下的部分站不住，就是倒装了。

正误对比：

| 类型 | 错误 | 正确 | 原因 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 语序 | I don't know where is the office. | I don't know where the office is. | 从句用陈述语序 |
| 连接词 | It depends on if we get approval. | It depends on whether we get approval. | 介词后不用 if |
| 形式主语 | That we need more time is clear. | It is clear that we need more time. | 长主语用 it 更自然 |

三个常见错误，做完题对一遍：

- **从句里多一个 that**：I know that where he lives. 一句只能有一个引导词，去掉 that。
- **whether 后面加 or not 位置错**：Whether or not we go 可以，Whether we go or not 也可以，但不能写 Whether or we go。
- **把从句当独立句**：Because the server was down. 这不是完整句，要么补主句，要么改成 The delay was caused by the server being down.

## 四、句型与范例

这 8 句覆盖汇报里最常用的名词性从句，直接背结构，不要背整句。留意第 2、4、5、6 句的位置规律：主语从句和表语从句在书面语里承担「下结论」的功能，宾语从句承担「转述信息」的功能。汇报时先转述再下结论，听众才跟得上；反过来先下结论再补细节，适合时间紧的三分钟场合。

1. I'd like to confirm that the first phase has been completed. 我想确认第一阶段已经完成。
2. What we need now is a clear deadline. 我们现在需要的是一个明确的截止时间。
3. It is not clear yet whether the client will sign off this week. 客户本周是否会签字确认，目前还不清楚。
4. The main risk is that two key files are still missing. 主要风险是两个关键文件仍然缺失。
5. We found that the original estimate was too optimistic. 我们发现最初的估算过于乐观。
6. Whether we can launch in June depends on the testing results. 我们能否六月上线，取决于测试结果。
7. Please let me know if you need anything else.（if 用于宾语从句，可以）如需其他帮助请告诉我。
8. It surprised the team that the review passed so quickly. 评审这么快通过，团队很意外。

## 五、练习

**A 词汇与翻译（8 题）**

1. 他建议我们把评审推迟一周。（suggest）
2. 你能确认预算是否已经批准吗？（confirm / whether）
3. 这取决于客户是否接受这个价格。（depend on / whether）
4. 我没意识到报告已经提交了。（realize / that）
5. 客户有可能要求修改设计。（possibility）
6. 我怀疑我们本周完不成测试。（doubt / whether）
7. 他们宣布试点下月开始。（announce / that）
8. 我们的首要任务是修复登录问题。（priority）

**B1 被动改写（15 题）** 先判断能不能改，能改的写出被动句；不能改的写「保持主动」并说明原因。改写时只改语态，不要顺手改时态——原句是完成时，被动也用完成时；原句是进行时，被动也用进行时。这一步做错，后面全错。

1. Our team completed the migration on time.
2. The client has approved the new design.
3. We are testing the new login page this week.
4. They will announce the results on Friday.
5. Someone left the invoice in the meeting room.
6. The vendor delayed the shipment by a week.
7. We must check every file before Friday.
8. Nobody has used this account since March.
9. The manager gave the team a clear deadline.
10. The accident happened during the night shift.
11. The company is building a new office in Shenzhen.
12. They had sent the draft before the meeting started.
13. We need to prioritize the payment issue.
14. The results surprised everyone.
15. Someone should fix this bug today.

**B2 名词性从句（10 题）** 用括号里的开头翻译，注意语序。

1. 我不知道办公室开不开门。（I don't know…）
2. 计划失败这件事让所有人吃惊。（用形式主语 it）
3. 你能确认会议室订好了吗？（Could you confirm…）
4. 问题是我们没有足够的时间。（The problem is…）
5. 这取决于我们能不能拿到批准。（It depends on…）
6. 请告诉我火车什么时候到。（Please tell me…）
7. 他为什么迟到还不清楚。（用 it 开头）
8. 我认为我们应该推迟上线。（I think…）
9. 我们不确定客户是否喜欢这个设计。（We're not sure…）
10. 事实是我们需要更多资源。（The fact is…）

**C 输出（1 题）**

用名词性从句写 8 句你手上项目的真实状态，至少 3 句作主语（可用 it 形式主语）、5 句作宾语；写完后朗读一遍，录 60 秒，不许看稿超过两次。

## 六、参考答案

**A**

1. He suggested that we postpone the review by a week.
2. Could you confirm whether the budget has been approved?
3. It depends on whether the client accepts this price.
4. I didn't realize that the report had been submitted.
5. There is a possibility that the client will ask for changes.
6. I doubt whether we can finish the tests this week.
7. They announced that the pilot would start next month.
8. Our top priority is to fix the login problem.

错题点：第 1 题 suggest 后从句用原形 postpone，不写 postpones；第 5 题 possibility 后接同位语从句，用 that 不用 whether；第 7 题主句是过去时，从句用 would。

**B1**

1. The migration was completed on time.（by our team 可省）
2. The new design has been approved by the client.（客户是关键信息，留 by）
3. The new login page is being tested this week.
4. The results will be announced on Friday.
5. The invoice was left in the meeting room.（施动者不明）
6. The shipment was delayed by a week.（by a week 是程度，不是施动者）
7. Every file must be checked before Friday.
8. This account hasn't been used since March.
9. The team was given a clear deadline. / A clear deadline was given to the team.
10. 保持主动。happen 不及物，没有被动。
11. A new office is being built in Shenzhen.
12. The draft had been sent before the meeting started.
13. The payment issue needs to be prioritized.
14. Everyone was surprised by the results.（焦点从结果转到人）
15. This bug should be fixed today.

错题点：第 6 题的 by a week 不要误当施动者；第 9 题两种双宾语被动都可以，但要保持 to 的位置；第 13 题 need to be done 是「需要被做」的固定结构，别写 needs to be prioritize。

**B2**

1. I don't know whether the office is open.
2. It surprised everyone that the plan failed.
3. Could you confirm whether the room has been booked?
4. The problem is that we don't have enough time.
5. It depends on whether we get approval.
6. Please tell me when the train arrives.
7. It is still unclear why he was late.
8. I think we should postpone the launch.
9. We're not sure whether the client likes the design.
10. The fact is that we need more resources.

错题点：第 6 题最容易写成 when does the train arrive，从句里不要助动词倒装；第 7 题用 it 开头后，真正主语是 why 从句，别再补 that；第 9 题否定句里 whether 比 if 更稳。

**C 评分要点**：8 句里从句形式全对得 8 分，语序错一句扣 1 分，连接词错一句扣 1 分；6 分以上算过。录音 60 秒内说完，卡顿不超过 3 次。写的时候优先用你真在做的项目，哪怕句子简单；用假项目练句型，开口时一定想不起来。

## 七、今日输出与自查

| 检查项 | 标准 | 打勾 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 练习纸 | 文件名 Day02_practice.md，含 A 8 题、B1 15 题、B2 10 题 |  |
| 被动改写 | 15 题对 ≥ 13 题，第 10 题判断正确 |  |
| 名词性从句 | 10 题语序全对，whether / if 用对 |  |
| 8 句输出 | 每句含一个从句，至少 3 句作主语 |  |
| 录音 | 60 秒，不看稿，8 句说完 |  |

## 八、明日预告

Day 3 换耳朵：听一段 3 分钟的英文工作汇报，把它的四段结构画出来——背景、进展、风险、请求，每段各占多少秒。今天写的 8 句会派上用场，因为汇报里的风险段几乎都用名词性从句开头，比如 The main risk is that the testing is behind schedule。听的时候专门找这类句子，看母语者把风险放在第几分钟说。