# 英语中级 · 第 3 周 Day 2｜两个短句合成一个长句

> 系列：语种学习 / 英语 / 中级 · 每日学习｜AI生成｜2026-10-27｜codebuddy

**今天学什么**

昨天你能认出定语从句，今天要自己造。任务是 20 组合并：给两个短句，合成一个含定语从句的长句，错不超过 3 句。合并看着简单，实际要同时做四个决定——用哪个关系词、从句里重复的代词删不删、要不要加逗号、关系词能不能省。这四个决定里任何一个做错，句子就废了。做完这 20 句，你手里就有 20 个可复用的句型，Day 5 写状态更新时直接从里面挑。

## 一、今日任务

| 环节 | 时长 | 具体动作 | 产出 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 学前 | 8 min | 读第三节的三步法，用昨天短文里的 2 句各走一遍流程 | 两步口述 |
| 示范 | 7 min | 看第四节 6 组合并演示，遮住合并句自己先说一遍 | 6 句口述 |
| 主体 | 30 min | 做完 20 组合并，每组在括号里写清四问的答案 | 20 句 |
| 对答案 | 10 min | 逐组比对，错句标出错因（关系词/逗号/冗余/省略） | 错题标注 |
| 口头固化 | 5 min | 挑 8 句朗读 2 遍，录音一遍 | 40 秒录音 |

合计 60 分钟。做的时候先别查答案，20 组一次性写完再对，否则你会不自觉地照着答案的思路走。

## 二、核心词汇与搭配

| 词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 高频搭配 | 例句 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| assign | /əˈsaɪn/（≈厄赛恩·轻） | v. | 分配、指派 | assign sth to sb | I assigned the two urgent tickets to Priya. 我把两张紧急工单分给了普里娅。 |
| owner | /ˈəʊnə(r)/（≈欧讷尔·轻） | n. | 负责人 | the owner of sth；a clear owner | Every task needs a clear owner. 每项任务都需要明确的负责人。 |
| workload | /ˈwɜːkləʊd/（≈韦克洛德·长） | n. | 工作量 | a heavy workload；balance the workload | Her workload doubled after the handover. 交接之后她的工作量翻了一倍。 |
| capacity | /kəˈpæsəti/（≈克派瑟提） | n. | 产能、可用人力 | at full capacity；spare capacity | We have no spare capacity this month. 我们这个月没有多余人力。 |
| dependency | /dɪˈpendənsi/（≈迪佩恩德恩西） | n. | 依赖项 | a dependency on sth | The release has a dependency on the API fix. 这次发布依赖接口修复。 |
| escalate | /ˈeskəleɪt/（≈诶斯克莱特） | v. | 上报、升级处理 | escalate sth to sb | Escalate the issue to the account director if it repeats. 如果问题重复出现，就上报给客户总监。 |
| brief | /briːf/（≈布里夫·长） | n./v. | 简报；简要交代 | a one-page brief；brief sb on sth | She briefed me on the client's history. 她向我简要交代了客户的来龙去脉。 |
| timeline | /ˈtaɪmlaɪn/（≈泰姆莱恩） | n. | 时间表 | set a timeline；the timeline slipped | The timeline slipped by a week. 时间表往后滑了一周。 |

注意 dependency 和 depend 的词性差别：dependency 是可数名词，常与 on 连用；depend 是动词， depend on。写作里混用会显得词汇掌握不牢。

## 三、语法点：合并的三步与四问

**三步法**

1. **找重复**。第二个句子里一定有一个词指代第一个句子的名词：it、they、he、she、his、her、there、then、that reason。找到它，它就是从句里要删掉的部分。
2. **定关系词**。看两件事：先行词是人还是物，这个重复词在从句里作主语、宾语、状语还是定语。
3. **删代词、接从句**。删掉重复词，其余部分原样跟在关系词后面；从句语序不变，不要倒装。

**四问（每组都要回答）**

- 加不加逗号？先行词唯一、从句只是补充信息时加。
- 关系词能不能省？作宾语可省，作主语不可省。
- 能用 that 吗？限制性可以，非限制性绝对不行。
- 介词放哪？正式写法把介词提到 which/whom 前，口语留在句尾。

中文习惯是「把两句并成一句，中间加个『的』」，英文不能这么省。中文可以说「我昨天见的那个经理打电话来了」，英文必须补出 who，还要决定它能不能省。所以合并题的失分点几乎都在「中文里不需要、英文里必须有」的地方：关系词、介词、冠词。做题时不要凭语感顺下来，按三步法走一遍，慢一点但准。

**关系词选择表**

| 先行词 | 从句中作 | 关系词 | 能否省略 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 人 | 主语 | who / that | 不能 |
| 人 | 宾语 | who / whom / that | 能 |
| 物 | 主语 | which / that | 不能 |
| 物 | 宾语 | which / that | 能 |
| 人 / 物 | 所属 | whose | 不能 |
| 地点 | 地点状语 | where = 介词 + which | 不能 |
| 时间 | 时间状语 | when = 介词 + which | 不能 |
| 原因 | 原因状语 | why = for which | 不能 |

**正误对比**

| 错误 | 正确 | 说明 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The report which I sent it is late. | The report **which I sent** is late. | it 和 which 重复，必须删掉 |
| This is the city where I visited last year. | This is the city **I visited** last year. | visited 缺宾语，where 只能作状语 |
| The manager, that I met yesterday, called. | The manager, **who** I met yesterday, called. | 非限制性不能用 that |

**三个常见错误**

- **忘了删代词**。这是合并题最常见的失分点，写完先数一遍从句里的代词。
- **where 当万能词**。where 只在从句「地点状语空缺」时成立：the office where we work 可以，the office where I visited 不行。
- **加逗号却不改关系词**。加了逗号，that 就必须换成 who 或 which，两件事要一起改。

## 四、句型与范例

| 原句 A | 原句 B | 合并后 | 依据 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| I met a designer. | She works on our app. | I met a designer **who works on our app**. | 人作主语，who，不可省 |
| This is the email. | It started the argument. | This is the email **that started the argument**. | 物作主语，that，不可省 |
| We hired a consultant. | I told you about him. | We hired the consultant **(who) I told you about**. | 人作宾语，可省 |
| We had a meeting. | At the meeting we agreed the timeline. | We had a meeting **at which we agreed the timeline**. | 介词 + which，正式 |
| My manager will call you. | She is based in Shanghai. | My manager, **who is based in Shanghai**, will call you. | 先行词唯一，非限制性 |
| The launch was delayed. | This surprised everyone. | The launch was delayed, **which surprised everyone**. | which 指代整个主句 |

最后一句值得单独记：which 可以指代前面一整句话，这时它前面必须有逗号，且不能换成 that。写状态更新时用一句就能收住一段。

上面 6 组演示建议这样用：先遮住第三列，看前两列自己说一遍，再对照。说的时候把关系词念清楚，不要含糊带过——口头含糊，笔头一定漏。第 4 行和第 6 行是难点，值得各抄 3 遍。

## 五、练习

**A 词汇与翻译（8 题）**

1. 翻译：请把这项任务分配给最熟悉客户的人。
2. 填空：We have no spare ______ (capacity / workload) before the release.
3. 翻译：这次发布依赖接口修复。
4. 用 escalate 造句：如果客户再不回复，就把问题上报给总监。
5. 翻译：她向我简要交代了项目背景。
6. 改错：The timeline slipped on a week.
7. 选词：Every task needs a clear ______ (owner / owner's)。
8. 翻译：交接之后她的工作量翻了一倍。

**B 合并改写（20 题，分 4 组）**

每组 5 题，写出合并后的句子，并在括号里标出：关系词 / 是否加逗号 / 能否省略。

第一组 基础
1. I met a designer. She works on our app.
2. This is the email. It started the argument.
3. The report is missing page 3. You sent it on Monday.
4. We hired a consultant. I told you about him.
5. The team delivered the project. It had only three members.

第二组 所属与介词
6. The client renewed the contract. Its website crashed last week.
7. We had a meeting. At the meeting we agreed the timeline.
8. This is the office. We recorded the podcast there.
9. I still remember the day. On that day we launched the product.
10. She is the manager. I share an office with her.（正式写法）

第三组 非限制性
11. My manager will call you. She is based in Shanghai.
12. The API key was missing. Nobody had written it down.
13. We visited the Berlin office. It opened last year.
14. Tom is leaving on Friday. His replacement starts on Monday.
15. The launch was delayed by two weeks. This surprised everyone.

第四组 易错
16. This is the city. I visited it last year.
17. I have a friend. His father is a doctor.
18. The person called me. He was my manager.
19. The book was useful. I borrowed it from the library.
20. The reason is still unclear. He resigned for that reason.

**C 输出（2 题）**

1. 从 20 句里挑 5 句，改写成一段 70—90 词的工作说明，主题是「这个月谁负责什么」。
2. 口头：60 秒介绍你团队的分工，至少用 5 个定语从句，其中 1 个是非限制性。

## 六、参考答案

**A 组**

1. Please assign this task to the person who knows the client best. 先行词是人、从句缺主语，用 who。
2. capacity。spare capacity 指剩余人力，workload 是工作量本身，语义不合。
3. The release has a dependency on the API fix. dependency 后固定用 on。
4. If the client doesn't reply, escalate the issue to the director. escalate 后接 to，表示上报给谁。
5. She briefed me on the project background. brief sb on sth 是固定搭配。
6. The timeline slipped by a week. 表示变化幅度用 by，不用 on。
7. owner。clear owner 指明确的责任人，所有格在这里不成立。
8. Her workload doubled after the handover. double 作动词，比 increased twice 更自然。

**B 组**

1. I met a designer who works on our app.（who / 无逗号 / 不可省）
2. This is the email that started the argument.（that / 无逗号 / 不可省）
3. The report (that) you sent on Monday is missing page 3.（that / 无逗号 / 可省，作宾语）
4. We hired the consultant (who) I told you about.（who / 无逗号 / 可省）
5. The team that delivered the project had only three members.（that / 无逗号 / 不可省）
6. The client whose website crashed last week renewed the contract.（whose / 无逗号 / 不可省）
7. We had a meeting at which we agreed the timeline.（at which / 无逗号 / 不可省；口语可说 where）
8. This is the office where we recorded the podcast.（where / 无逗号 / 不可省）
9. I still remember the day when we launched the product.（when / 无逗号 / 不可省）
10. She is the manager with whom I share an office.（with whom / 无逗号 / 不可省；口语说 who I share an office with）
11. My manager, who is based in Shanghai, will call you.（who / 加逗号 / 不可省，也不能换成 that）
12. The API key, which nobody had written down, was missing.（which / 加逗号 / 不可省）
13. We visited the Berlin office, which opened last year.（which / 加逗号 / 不可省）
14. Tom, whose replacement starts on Monday, is leaving on Friday.（whose / 加逗号 / 不可省）
15. The launch was delayed by two weeks, which surprised everyone.（which 指代整句 / 必须加逗号 / 不可省）
16. This is the city I visited last year.（省略 which / 无逗号 / 可省；用 where 是典型错误，因为 visited 缺宾语）
17. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.（whose / 无逗号 / 不可省；不能写 who his）
18. The person who called me was my manager.（who / 无逗号 / 不可省；不要写 who he called me）
19. The book (that) I borrowed from the library was useful.（that / 无逗号 / 可省）
20. The reason why he resigned is still unclear.（why / 无逗号 / 不可省；正式可说 for which he resigned）

**C 组**

1. 参考（82 词）：This month I'm coordinating three workstreams. Priya, who joined in June, owns the client calls. The reporting task, which used to sit with Tom, now belongs to the intern whose spreadsheets are the cleanest on the team. I still handle the budget, which takes about four hours a week. The main dependency is the API fix that we are waiting for. Once that lands, the team that built the dashboard can start testing. 自查：5 个从句是否都在，非限制性是否都带逗号。
2. 评分要点：5 个以上从句、1 个非限制性、关系词与先行词匹配、没有重复代词；语速不必快，把每个从句说完再停。

## 七、今日输出与自查

| 检查项 | 达标线 | 怎么查 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 20 组合并 | 错 ≤ 3 句 | 对照第六节逐题打勾 |
| 四问标注 | 20 组都写了关系词、逗号、能否省略 | 抽查 5 组 |
| 错因归类 | 每道错题写清是关系词、逗号、冗余还是省略 | 错题旁标注 |
| 工作说明 | 70—90 词，含 5 个从句 | 数关系词 |
| 口头 | 60 秒，5 个从句，1 个非限制性 | 录音回听 |

产出文件：`Day02_20句合并.md`（20 句 + 四问标注）与 `Day02_分工说明.md`（70—90 词）。错误超过 3 句，说明第三节的四问还没形成条件反射，明早用 10 分钟把错题重做一遍再进入 Day 3。

自查时还有一条软标准：20 组里如果有 3 组以上是「想了两分钟才写出来」，说明关系词还没有形成自动反应。这种情况不需要加练新题，把第四组易错题重写一遍，边写边说出理由，比刷新题有效。

## 八、明日预告

Day 3 换场景：听一段电话对话，记 8 个电话固定说法，跟读 3 遍。定语从句先放一放，但会以另一种方式回来——电话里确认信息时，「the one that we agreed on Friday」这类短从句特别常用。明天记得准备一段 2—3 分钟的职场电话音频。